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[♪ upbeat music playing]

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[David Attenborough] All life
began in the deep blue sea.

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Its flow and force...

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...have shaped our world.

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Revered, and feared...

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...since humans first
walked the Earth,

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an immense hidden realm,

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visible only in our imagination,

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for hundreds
of thousands of years.

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Only now, are we discovering
what our ocean means...

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...for our world.

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What we have found
could change the course of

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our future, forever.

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[♪ intense music playing]

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[♪ intense music playing]

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Humans have always looked
out at the open blue horizon

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and wondered what lies beyond.

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Yet it has remained
almost entirely a mystery.

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After living for nearly
100 years on this planet,

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I now understand the most
important place on Earth is not

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on land, but at sea.

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And today we're living in the
greatest age of ocean discovery.

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For many of us the world
beyond the beach is still dark,

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threatening, and dangerous...
out of sight and most certainly

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out of mind.

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It's time to take the plunge,
to go beneath the waves.

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For once you've
truly seen the sea,

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you'll never look at Earth
in the same way again.

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In my lifetime,

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our ability to see the
ocean has been transformed.

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The invention of scuba
gear changed everything.

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Suddenly, an extraordinary
new world of wonder and

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surprise came into view.

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It wasn't long before we found
a way to explore that

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dark distant part of the planet.

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That had remained
hidden for so long.

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We journeyed into the deep...

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...and gazed at
the bottom of the sea.

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In the years that followed I
could never have imagined what

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we'd find, miles
below the surface.

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Yet, to this day, we have
seen more of other planets

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than we have of the ocean.

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Now we are making discoveries
that completely change our

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understanding and
could offer a better future

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for everyone on Earth,

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even in the waters
we know least about,

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those furthest from land.

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The high seas or open ocean.

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The last great wilderness.

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It's not owned by any nation,

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but shared by
everyone in the world.

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The open ocean is truly ours.

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Its waters are the deepest
and the most remote.

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Much of it has still never
been seen by human beings.

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It's our final frontier.

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Until recently, we assumed it
to be a largely empty desert.

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The few creatures we knew
of wandering this open world

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remained a mystery.

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Now a new, far more
connected picture,

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is emerging of the big blue.

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Some of these travelers such
as sharks and tuna have been

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tracked making
enormous migrations,

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across the entire planet, on
an endless search for food.

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And we have only just learnt
how these voyagers find

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their way out here,

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steering along the twists and
turns of particular currents.

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They come together
from across the globe,

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at a few precious places.

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Seamounts.

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Submarine mountains soaring
up to three miles high.

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They stand in the path
of ocean currents,

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causing water to rise from
the deep, bringing with it food.

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Only now are we understanding
just how important

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they really are.

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As pit stops and endpoints
on ocean odysseys.

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[♪ uplifting music playing]

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Perhaps most exciting of all,
we have just discovered there

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are nearly twice as many of
these oases as we had thought.

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Some 40,000 of them
across the sea floor.

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So the open ocean is not a
featureless desert after all.

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It is more connected than
we had ever imagined.

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[♪ uplifting music playing]

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Back towards the shore,
closer to land,

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there is a more familiar world.

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This is the other
great ocean realm,

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the shallow coastal seas.

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And this is where we
get most of our seafood.

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The shallow seas we regard
as being owned by the nations

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living on the land next to them.

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These coastal countries have
exclusive rights to exploit an

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area within a few hundred
kilometers offshore.

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This shallow region above
the continental shelf,

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is a magical world
where everything is

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bathed in sunlight.

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[♪ uplifting music playing]

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This is giant kelp,

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the tallest
living thing in the ocean.

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Beneath its towering canopies,

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we've discovered a
high-rise community.

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The forest needs its many
residents to survive.

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Sea urchins do the gardening
and the kelp is kept in check.

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If these gardeners get too
abundant, this is the result.

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Fortunately for the kelp,
there are urchin-eaters too.

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It's a world in
delicate balance.

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To have found,
just off our coasts,

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jungles to rival any on land
was extraordinary.

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It was the equivalent of
discovering a new tropical

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rainforest full of marvels that
we had barely glimpsed before.

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Scientists had no idea of the
sheer scale of these forests,

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or the speed at which they grew.

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They border a quarter
of the world's coasts,

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and we are still finding
more of them even now.

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And only within the last couple
of years have we found the

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world's largest seagrass meadow.

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This increased the
global estimate of this

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habitat by nearly half.

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And we have found that ocean
jungles and meadows absorb far

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more carbon than the same
area of rainforest on land.

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We now know that
together they could help us

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avoid climate disaster.

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In the coastal seas close to
the equator lies a tropical

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world of seemingly
endless surprise.

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The first time I used scuba
gear to dive on a coral reef,

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I was so taken aback by
the spectacle before me,

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I forgot, momentarily,
to breathe!

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Nothing that I'd ever
seen on land had come close

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to the sensory overload
of so much life,

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and such diversity
right before my eyes.

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[♪ uplifting music playing]

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Everywhere I looked,
at every scale,

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there was something new.

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One could spend days
swimming above it and

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never tire of the colors,

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the movement,
the interactions.

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It's life at its
most mesmerizing.

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We knew that coral reefs
harbored astonishing diversity

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ever since we first
set eyes on them.

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But the reason they did
so remained a mystery.

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I remember reading how
Charles Darwin puzzled over

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how reefs form and how
they can turn even the most

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barren places
into oases of life.

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We now know their
secret and it's wonderful.

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Corals are animals.

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But this is just
part of their story.

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Within their bodies
live plant-like algae.

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The algae use sunlight to
produce the food that corals

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need to survive.

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As the corals grow,

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they build stone castles
around their

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soft bodies for protection.

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And in doing so,
they create the planet's

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largest living structures.

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It is extraordinary to think
that this one relationship can

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turn undersea deserts into
the most complex and diverse

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community in the ocean.

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And the closer one looks...

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...the more one sees.

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In this crowded world of color,
there isn't a shape,

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or size, that's not at home.

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A greater variety of life
may seem hard to imagine,

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yet we keep finding more...

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...and more.

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These little boxer crabs have
been found to wear clumps of

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venomous anemones as gloves
with which to defend themselves.

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And the peacock mantis shrimp
has the most complex eyesight

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of any animal.

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2,000 new marine species
are being discovered every year.

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From coral-crunchers
and grazers,

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to helpers,

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and hunters.

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We once believed that if
you removed the sharks,

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there would be more fish.

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Now we are learning
how wrong we were.

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We're seeing that the
entire reef depends on all

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of these relationships.

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If just one is removed,
everything and everyone that

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relies on this coral
community could be in trouble.

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[waves crashing]

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There are things we have
discovered about the shallow

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coastal seas that directly
affect our everyday life.

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All eight billion of us.

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Currents sweep up the walls
of the continental shelf,

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carrying nutrients
from the ocean floor,

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so creating the most
productive waters in our ocean.

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This makes them the perfect
place for phytoplankton.

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These single-celled plants
flourish here in unimaginable

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quantities, absorbing vast
amounts of carbon dioxide.

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We have just discovered that
ocean plankton remove almost a

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third of our carbon emissions.

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They could be our greatest ally
in avoiding climate catastrophe.

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What is more, we now know that
they produce more oxygen than

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all the trees on Earth combined.

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That is half of
the air we breathe.

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They are also the most
important source of food under

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the waves.

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Yet until recently, we have
been unable to see this world

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in such detail.

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New images such as these,
reveal that billions of these

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tiny battles are taking
place at any one moment.

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These zooplankton are the most
abundant animals on Earth.

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They're fuel for the
biggest shoals of fish,

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and almost every food
chain in the sea.

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[♪ uplifting music playing]

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[♪ uplifting music playing]

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The shallow coastal seas
are truly the foundation

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of the entire ocean.

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And feed billions of us.

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This age of discovery has shown
our ocean to be more complex

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00:24:53,660 --> 00:24:56,162
and more delicately
balanced than we could

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have ever imagined.

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It's revealed that this vast,
mysterious world is bound to us

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in ways we had never
dreamt possible.

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But to truly understand
its importance,

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we must first open our
eyes to what is happening

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right now...

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...below the waves.

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[muffled metal rattle]

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Few of us imagine this.

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[rumbling]

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From the surface,

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you would have no idea
that this is happening.

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00:26:12,472 --> 00:26:17,944
It has remained hidden
from view... until now.

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A modern industrial
bottom-trawler scours the

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00:26:35,295 --> 00:26:38,765
ocean floor with a
chain or metal beam,

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00:26:39,650 --> 00:26:43,103
forcing anything it disturbs
into the net behind.

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It smashes its way
across the seabed,

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destroying nearly
everything in its path,

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often on the hunt for
just a single species.

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Almost everything
else is discarded.

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Over three-quarters
of a trawler's catch may

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be thrown away.

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It's hard to imagine a more
wasteful way to catch fish.

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An area almost the size of
the entire Amazon rainforest

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is trawled every year.

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00:27:52,720 --> 00:27:55,709
And much of that seabed
is plowed again.

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Over, and over.

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This churning of the
sediment unleashes vast

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amounts of carbon dioxide,

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which in turn contributes
to the warming of our planet.

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The trawlers tear the seabed
with such force that their

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trails of destruction
can be seen from space.

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[♪ dramatic music playing]

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00:29:00,373 --> 00:29:03,576
Very few places
are safe from this.

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00:29:05,645 --> 00:29:09,916
Including almost nowhere
in my own country.

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[Don MacNeish] We have lived
and relied on food from the sea

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around the island
for over 5,000 years.

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Everything is so
different under the sea.

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There's no houses, no roads,
no telephones.

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It's just nature, 100%.

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When I used to go
scallop diving,

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00:30:04,170 --> 00:30:06,773
you would dive
down to the sea bed and

252
00:30:06,840 --> 00:30:09,420
just acclimatize yourself.

253
00:30:18,385 --> 00:30:23,523
Things that look like plants
down there are animals,

254
00:30:28,280 --> 00:30:31,164
and they've been there
for millions of years.

255
00:30:40,306 --> 00:30:45,178
Slowly but surely, you would
see a complete bed of scallops.

256
00:30:50,583 --> 00:30:54,521
It's ancient, can take
100 years to grow.

257
00:30:56,523 --> 00:31:00,260
[distant rumbling]

258
00:31:00,694 --> 00:31:03,830
[rumbling grows louder]

259
00:31:15,942 --> 00:31:19,879
[♪ somber music playing]

260
00:31:29,889 --> 00:31:34,194
The first time that I dived
over an area that a scallop

261
00:31:34,260 --> 00:31:39,866
dredger had just been over,
it was just heartbreaking.

262
00:31:47,400 --> 00:31:50,110
All sorts of animals
just smashed to pieces.

263
00:31:51,544 --> 00:31:56,716
It was like swimming
over the Garden of Eden to

264
00:31:56,783 --> 00:31:58,651
a nuclear winter.

265
00:32:04,457 --> 00:32:10,296
The community watched from
the shore as these boats go

266
00:32:10,397 --> 00:32:14,667
up and down, closer, and closer,

267
00:32:15,835 --> 00:32:22,509
over and over again,
just for a few scallops.

268
00:32:31,651 --> 00:32:35,355
The scallop dredgers said,
"We have the right to do this,

269
00:32:35,755 --> 00:32:37,657
and it's completely legal."

270
00:32:44,297 --> 00:32:49,836
They were taking the
future out of the sea,

271
00:32:50,103 --> 00:32:54,441
and the island community
would be left with the wreckage.

272
00:32:58,712 --> 00:33:04,117
A feeling was just of
complete disbelief.

273
00:33:07,821 --> 00:33:10,957
How can this be
allowed to happen?

274
00:33:22,200 --> 00:33:25,739
It's difficult to try and
explain to people just exactly

275
00:33:25,839 --> 00:33:28,141
how abundant it once was here.

276
00:33:30,510 --> 00:33:32,846
Just how much has been lost?

277
00:33:42,220 --> 00:33:45,250
- The idea of
bulldozing through a pristine,

278
00:33:45,910 --> 00:33:47,193
rainforest causes outrage,

279
00:33:47,894 --> 00:33:50,530
yet we do the equivalent
underwater thousands

280
00:33:50,597 --> 00:33:53,660
of times every day.

281
00:33:57,300 --> 00:34:02,375
Ancient seagrass meadows,
plowed into silt.

282
00:34:10,850 --> 00:34:14,287
Delicate, 100-year-old
sponge gardens,

283
00:34:14,921 --> 00:34:17,857
that once sheltered
bustling communities,

284
00:34:23,863 --> 00:34:25,965
destroyed in an instant.

285
00:34:38,440 --> 00:34:41,748
[♪ somber music playing]

286
00:34:54,260 --> 00:34:58,640
Surely, you would assume
it must be illegal?

287
00:34:58,932 --> 00:35:02,502
But it is not only legal,
but actually encouraged by

288
00:35:02,602 --> 00:35:04,400
the laws of today.

289
00:35:05,605 --> 00:35:08,908
Bottom trawling is still
allowed in many so-called

290
00:35:08,975 --> 00:35:12,145
Marine Protected
Areas worldwide.

291
00:35:14,140 --> 00:35:17,150
And perhaps even
more astonishingly,

292
00:35:17,283 --> 00:35:19,686
it is subsidized by governments.

293
00:35:20,820 --> 00:35:26,159
$20 billion are spent every
year supporting overfishing

294
00:35:26,259 --> 00:35:28,428
on an industrial scale.

295
00:35:39,272 --> 00:35:42,142
[♪ dramatic music playing]

296
00:36:13,390 --> 00:36:16,142
Vast factories now
travel the seas.

297
00:36:21,810 --> 00:36:24,751
They work day and night.

298
00:36:27,220 --> 00:36:31,591
Further and faster than ever.

299
00:36:33,693 --> 00:36:36,496
It seems nowhere is off-limits.

300
00:36:42,736 --> 00:36:44,838
Even the open ocean.

301
00:36:58,451 --> 00:37:03,256
[♪ somber music playing]

302
00:37:10,563 --> 00:37:15,902
Lines of baited hooks
50 miles long reel in

303
00:37:15,969 --> 00:37:19,390
millions of sharks every year.

304
00:37:29,549 --> 00:37:34,954
We have now killed two-thirds
of all large predatory fish.

305
00:37:41,728 --> 00:37:44,831
Walls of nets hundreds
of meters high,

306
00:37:45,932 --> 00:37:47,934
leave few survivors.

307
00:38:00,130 --> 00:38:04,851
Sharks and turtles survived
the extinction of the dinosaurs

308
00:38:05,452 --> 00:38:07,821
but may not outlive this.

309
00:38:14,160 --> 00:38:16,290
The change is simple.

310
00:38:16,329 --> 00:38:20,166
We once fished a few
places near shore to

311
00:38:20,266 --> 00:38:22,350
feed our communities.

312
00:38:22,135 --> 00:38:26,539
Now we fish everywhere,
all the time.

313
00:38:27,173 --> 00:38:29,642
And I have lived
through this change.

314
00:38:35,348 --> 00:38:37,984
There are tales
from 400 years ago,

315
00:38:38,451 --> 00:38:39,652
of coastal waters,

316
00:38:39,719 --> 00:38:43,823
"so thick with fish, boats could
barely move through them."

317
00:38:51,564 --> 00:38:56,403
No-one alive today has
known the abundance of a

318
00:38:56,503 --> 00:38:58,204
truly wild ocean.

319
00:39:04,377 --> 00:39:08,515
There are now simply
fewer fish in the sea.

320
00:39:14,354 --> 00:39:18,391
Wherever we look, in
every part of our ocean,

321
00:39:18,491 --> 00:39:20,493
the evidence is clear.

322
00:39:28,100 --> 00:39:32,372
Many sea bird colonies are
starving and in the final

323
00:39:32,439 --> 00:39:34,174
stages of collapse.

324
00:39:39,279 --> 00:39:42,949
Every year more nests fail.

325
00:39:48,755 --> 00:39:53,860
It's the same story of change
in every ocean of the world.

326
00:40:13,813 --> 00:40:16,449
[John Adams] Before, we
were working in harmony

327
00:40:16,549 --> 00:40:17,717
with the ocean.

328
00:40:33,600 --> 00:40:36,836
[♪ gentle music playing]

329
00:40:51,618 --> 00:40:56,489
[♪ gentle music playing]

330
00:41:02,696 --> 00:41:05,165
Then everything changed.

331
00:41:11,471 --> 00:41:14,207
[♪ intense music playing]

332
00:41:29,220 --> 00:41:32,892
[♪ intense music playing]

333
00:41:43,503 --> 00:41:45,338
Where the trawlers
fish is where we fish.

334
00:41:51,811 --> 00:41:54,314
We see them closer to shore.

335
00:42:12,866 --> 00:42:14,501
Our nets used to be full.

336
00:42:17,570 --> 00:42:20,607
We see different, different,
different types of fish.

337
00:42:24,444 --> 00:42:25,779
Today?

338
00:42:26,446 --> 00:42:27,781
No.

339
00:42:34,788 --> 00:42:38,558
The bigger size are gone.
They are no more.

340
00:42:45,310 --> 00:42:47,330
Even the smallest,
the smallest ones,

341
00:42:47,100 --> 00:42:49,469
we are after them
because there's no fish.

342
00:42:54,808 --> 00:42:59,813
These days, when I throw,
I catch plastic.

343
00:43:00,380 --> 00:43:03,249
To even throw a line,
your hook and line,

344
00:43:04,718 --> 00:43:06,319
you bring out plastic.

345
00:43:12,425 --> 00:43:13,760
We depend on fish.

346
00:43:15,829 --> 00:43:19,399
It's where we get
our resource from,

347
00:43:20,500 --> 00:43:24,904
to support our children to go
to school, to feed our family.

348
00:43:27,674 --> 00:43:28,975
It belongs to us.

349
00:43:38,918 --> 00:43:41,988
Without the ocean,
there's no community.

350
00:43:53,767 --> 00:43:56,200
When the trawlers take
away the last fish,

351
00:43:58,171 --> 00:43:59,539
my heart will be so heavy.

352
00:44:11,885 --> 00:44:14,654
[David Attenborough]
Three billion people rely on

353
00:44:14,721 --> 00:44:16,489
our ocean for food.

354
00:44:18,625 --> 00:44:22,662
But ships sent by a few
wealthy nations are starving

355
00:44:22,729 --> 00:44:25,965
coastal communities of
the food source they have

356
00:44:26,320 --> 00:44:27,967
relied on for millennia.

357
00:44:30,904 --> 00:44:35,750
This is modern
colonialism at sea.

358
00:44:41,915 --> 00:44:46,820
Some 400,000
industrial vessels now hunt in

359
00:44:46,886 --> 00:44:48,722
every corner of the ocean.

360
00:44:54,928 --> 00:44:58,398
Nowhere is too far or too deep.

361
00:45:04,170 --> 00:45:08,341
Even the most remote parts of
the planet are no longer safe.

362
00:45:25,580 --> 00:45:30,300
Almost every animal in
the Antarctic relies on

363
00:45:30,960 --> 00:45:32,132
just a single species.

364
00:45:35,235 --> 00:45:37,704
A small red crustacean.

365
00:45:39,439 --> 00:45:41,410
Antarctic krill.

366
00:45:48,715 --> 00:45:51,217
For whales, fish, and penguins,

367
00:45:51,484 --> 00:45:54,454
krill is the most
important source of food

368
00:45:54,554 --> 00:45:56,322
throughout the
Southern Ocean.

369
00:46:07,834 --> 00:46:11,571
[♪ uplifting music playing]

370
00:46:31,691 --> 00:46:35,362
[♪ ominous music playing]

371
00:46:42,435 --> 00:46:45,872
The trawlers have
reached Antarctica.

372
00:46:59,319 --> 00:47:02,288
And they are also
here for the krill.

373
00:47:08,395 --> 00:47:10,897
With so few fish
left in the ocean,

374
00:47:12,165 --> 00:47:15,835
we are now seeking
other prey in the furthest

375
00:47:15,902 --> 00:47:17,704
corners of our world.

376
00:47:27,881 --> 00:47:32,152
These are some of the
biggest factories on the sea.

377
00:47:37,924 --> 00:47:41,394
They suck hundreds of
thousands of tonnes of krill

378
00:47:41,828 --> 00:47:43,563
into vast nets.

379
00:47:55,408 --> 00:47:59,112
It's then boiled and
processed for fish farms,

380
00:48:00,413 --> 00:48:06,190
health supplements, and,
most recently, for pet food,

381
00:48:08,455 --> 00:48:10,357
all on board the ship.

382
00:48:28,641 --> 00:48:32,445
[♪ dramatic music playing]

383
00:48:34,247 --> 00:48:38,510
How can wildlife
compete with this?

384
00:48:54,667 --> 00:48:58,400
Some claim this is sustainable.

385
00:49:02,509 --> 00:49:06,112
But we may now be
removing the foundation of

386
00:49:06,179 --> 00:49:08,281
an entire ecosystem.

387
00:49:29,436 --> 00:49:32,605
We have drained the
life from our ocean.

388
00:49:35,975 --> 00:49:38,845
Now, we are almost out of time.

389
00:49:43,490 --> 00:49:47,287
Indeed, the ocean is in such
poor health that I would find

390
00:49:47,354 --> 00:49:52,792
it hard not to lose hope, were
it not for the most remarkable

391
00:49:52,859 --> 00:49:55,328
discovery of all.

392
00:49:58,298 --> 00:50:01,201
The ocean can
recover faster than we had

393
00:50:01,301 --> 00:50:02,569
ever thought possible.

394
00:50:03,690 --> 00:50:05,138
It can bounce back to life.

395
00:50:06,139 --> 00:50:09,142
For if left alone, it
may not just recover,

396
00:50:09,342 --> 00:50:13,130
but thrive beyond anything
anyone alive has ever seen.

397
00:50:14,547 --> 00:50:17,150
We can be sure of
this beyond any doubt,

398
00:50:17,484 --> 00:50:20,186
because it is already happening.

399
00:50:33,233 --> 00:50:36,703
For over 200 years,
this area was fished

400
00:50:36,770 --> 00:50:40,730
intensively with nets and traps.

401
00:50:49,182 --> 00:50:53,620
With their predators removed,
urchin numbers exploded.

402
00:50:57,230 --> 00:51:02,262
Soaring kelp forests were
transformed into a barren world.

403
00:51:03,730 --> 00:51:07,734
With little left to catch, the
decision was made to stop all

404
00:51:07,801 --> 00:51:11,771
fishing across nearly
three hundred square miles.

405
00:51:16,643 --> 00:51:21,581
It would be a marine
reserve or 'no-take zone'.

406
00:51:24,551 --> 00:51:28,388
Once protected, the predators
could begin to recover.

407
00:51:36,129 --> 00:51:37,831
Balance was restored.

408
00:51:40,900 --> 00:51:45,839
In just five years the forests
were once again flourishing.

409
00:51:48,942 --> 00:51:52,612
And with them, a thriving,
bustling neighborhood.

410
00:51:58,451 --> 00:52:03,289
Safe from fishing, the
animals had time to grow big.

411
00:52:11,297 --> 00:52:14,934
And the larger a female
spiny lobster can grow,

412
00:52:15,702 --> 00:52:18,304
the more eggs she can release.

413
00:52:31,284 --> 00:52:33,319
As the larvae disperse,

414
00:52:33,520 --> 00:52:36,723
they begin a journey
into the unknown.

415
00:52:43,129 --> 00:52:45,198
Leaving the safety of the kelp,

416
00:52:45,298 --> 00:52:48,635
many are carried by
currents into the open sea.

417
00:52:54,140 --> 00:52:57,644
Lobster larvae may travel
for thousands of miles,

418
00:52:58,440 --> 00:53:00,747
even crossing
international borders.

419
00:53:03,883 --> 00:53:06,653
They keep moving
for almost a year,

420
00:53:07,187 --> 00:53:09,589
developing and
growing along the way.

421
00:53:12,759 --> 00:53:14,928
Those that survive the journey,

422
00:53:15,729 --> 00:53:19,232
return to the coast to
begin their adult lives.

423
00:53:23,336 --> 00:53:27,440
And the chances are that
when they finally settle,

424
00:53:27,841 --> 00:53:31,378
they are outside
the no-take zone.

425
00:53:39,686 --> 00:53:45,458
This is how lobster populations
spill into unprotected waters,

426
00:53:45,892 --> 00:53:48,628
reviving fisheries far and wide.

427
00:54:00,140 --> 00:54:04,944
[Ray Kennedy] Initially it had
almost no effect whatsoever.

428
00:54:09,820 --> 00:54:12,619
And then the spillover
started to happen.

429
00:54:17,290 --> 00:54:20,760
Eventually, it turned
into something that was very

430
00:54:20,827 --> 00:54:21,828
hard to ignore.

431
00:54:26,990 --> 00:54:27,400
On one particular day,

432
00:54:27,500 --> 00:54:29,436
fishing on the edge
of the reserve,

433
00:54:30,170 --> 00:54:32,405
we pulled up the
trap of my career.

434
00:54:39,120 --> 00:54:40,747
The most I'd ever
seen in a trap.

435
00:54:41,614 --> 00:54:44,840
One for the record
books right there.

436
00:54:46,453 --> 00:54:48,922
It was an ecstatic moment,

437
00:54:49,155 --> 00:54:50,924
and it was an
eye-opening moment

438
00:54:56,629 --> 00:55:00,200
I think every fisherman I
know will acknowledge the fact

439
00:55:00,367 --> 00:55:02,936
that the reserves are working.

440
00:55:07,607 --> 00:55:13,513
It's an amazing thing to see
how abundant the species is.

441
00:55:14,347 --> 00:55:17,517
There's a bit of magic in there,
that's for certain, you know.

442
00:55:27,270 --> 00:55:30,630
[David Attenborough] The
'no-take zone' is literally

443
00:55:30,163 --> 00:55:32,866
overflowing with marine life.

444
00:55:45,812 --> 00:55:48,481
If we just let nature
take its course,

445
00:55:48,882 --> 00:55:50,850
the sea will save itself.

446
00:55:55,221 --> 00:55:58,324
Huge predators, not
seen for decades,

447
00:55:58,491 --> 00:56:00,226
have returned once again.

448
00:56:04,640 --> 00:56:09,350
Even giant black sea bass,
once assumed lost forever,

449
00:56:09,436 --> 00:56:12,439
now finds shelter
among the fronds.

450
00:56:26,920 --> 00:56:30,557
[♪ uplifting music playing]

451
00:56:38,932 --> 00:56:42,702
Recovery like this
is possible anywhere.

452
00:56:44,704 --> 00:56:48,875
Even in the most overfished
part of the most overfished

453
00:56:48,942 --> 00:56:50,410
sea on Earth.

454
00:56:53,480 --> 00:56:57,250
Fish populations in the
Mediterranean have almost

455
00:56:57,317 --> 00:56:58,752
completely collapsed,

456
00:57:02,789 --> 00:57:05,580
a third have already been lost.

457
00:57:06,793 --> 00:57:10,960
Yet even here there
is still hope.

458
00:57:24,110 --> 00:57:26,980
When a tiny reserve
was established off the

459
00:57:27,800 --> 00:57:32,452
coast of France,
it erupted back to life.

460
00:57:44,164 --> 00:57:47,133
Even the biggest fish
are making a comeback.

461
00:58:00,847 --> 00:58:06,190
This is the result of fully
protecting less than 1%

462
00:58:06,186 --> 00:58:07,654
of the Mediterranean.

463
00:58:11,858 --> 00:58:14,160
But this is just the beginning.

464
00:58:15,795 --> 00:58:19,332
If protecting a small portion
of the sea from fishing has

465
00:58:19,399 --> 00:58:23,236
such a large effect, imagine
the potential power of doing

466
00:58:23,336 --> 00:58:25,705
this across much larger areas.

467
00:58:26,473 --> 00:58:29,376
Now for the first
time this century,

468
00:58:29,476 --> 00:58:33,747
we don't need to imagine,
we can see for ourselves.

469
00:58:36,820 --> 00:58:40,860
[♪ singing in Hawaiian]

470
00:58:52,599 --> 00:58:56,690
[♪ singing in Hawaiian]

471
00:59:04,444 --> 00:59:06,946
[Aulani Wilhelm] It is literally
a place of our ancestors.

472
00:59:09,416 --> 00:59:11,551
What we would
call a "wao akua."

473
00:59:13,253 --> 00:59:15,210
a realm of the gods.

474
00:59:19,590 --> 00:59:22,620
Papahanaumokuakea is the
largest fully protected area,

475
00:59:22,128 --> 00:59:24,970
land or sea, on the planet.

476
00:59:30,804 --> 00:59:34,740
Those calls for protection came
from native Hawai'ian fishermen

477
00:59:34,140 --> 00:59:35,208
and elders.

478
00:59:37,477 --> 00:59:41,414
Without it, there would be
no moli, no Laysan albatross.

479
00:59:48,488 --> 00:59:52,726
Their home is the entirety
of the vast Pacific Ocean.

480
00:59:57,964 --> 01:00:02,435
They are seers of the sky.

481
01:00:07,730 --> 01:00:10,343
They see more of the planet
than almost any creature.

482
01:00:14,114 --> 01:00:18,685
But they depend on tiny little
spits of land in order to breed.

483
01:00:24,900 --> 01:00:27,270
Those of us who come from
voyaging and way-finding

484
01:00:27,127 --> 01:00:30,960
traditions could only
watch them in wonder.

485
01:00:37,270 --> 01:00:40,173
Over years, each pair
develops their own language.

486
01:00:42,942 --> 01:00:45,645
By dancing together they
reaffirm their bond.

487
01:01:02,328 --> 01:01:06,232
[♪ uplifting music playing]

488
01:01:06,700 --> 01:01:11,204
Moli are the longest
living known species of bird

489
01:01:11,304 --> 01:01:12,172
on the planet.

490
01:01:14,407 --> 01:01:17,711
It's hard not to look at
this moli chick and wonder

491
01:01:18,178 --> 01:01:20,847
"What will it see,
in the next 60 years?"

492
01:01:26,753 --> 01:01:30,900
[♪ singing in Hawaiian]

493
01:01:30,190 --> 01:01:32,992
Thanks to the vision of the
elders and the Hawai'ian

494
01:01:33,590 --> 01:01:36,262
fishermen who first
charged us with taking

495
01:01:36,363 --> 01:01:38,732
better care of this place,

496
01:01:40,934 --> 01:01:43,236
they have gone from
near extinction to the largest

497
01:01:43,336 --> 01:01:45,705
albatross colony in the world.

498
01:01:50,410 --> 01:01:54,800
Now, 14 million seabirds
return each year.

499
01:01:56,683 --> 01:02:01,521
It is a pu'uhonua,
a place of refuge.

500
01:02:04,958 --> 01:02:07,961
Why it's important to protect
really big areas is for

501
01:02:08,610 --> 01:02:11,464
migratory species to be
the voyagers that they are.

502
01:02:13,133 --> 01:02:14,267
They need a lot of space.

503
01:02:28,782 --> 01:02:32,719
[♪ uplifting music playing]

504
01:02:33,153 --> 01:02:34,587
People said it couldn't be done.

505
01:02:35,555 --> 01:02:38,625
But due to the protections
of Papahanaumokuakea,

506
01:02:39,590 --> 01:02:42,762
tuna can reproduce and spread
into neighboring areas,

507
01:02:43,396 --> 01:02:46,833
where populations
have increased by 54%.

508
01:02:57,610 --> 01:03:02,482
[♪ uplifting music playing]

509
01:03:02,582 --> 01:03:04,417
Spillover is basic biology.

510
01:03:06,986 --> 01:03:10,190
When we first set out to
protect what is now

511
01:03:10,290 --> 01:03:12,992
Papahanaumokuakea,
the people would ask us,

512
01:03:13,930 --> 01:03:15,261
"What are you
protecting it from?"

513
01:03:16,290 --> 01:03:17,430
and our answer was,

514
01:03:17,497 --> 01:03:19,299
"That's the wrong question.

515
01:03:19,366 --> 01:03:23,603
It's about who and what
are we protecting it for?"

516
01:03:29,175 --> 01:03:33,113
Protecting the ocean doesn't
mean being anti-fishing.

517
01:03:34,114 --> 01:03:38,651
The goals of healthy fisheries
and conservation are the same,

518
01:03:39,486 --> 01:03:43,656
more fish, more abundance,
more health of the ocean.

519
01:03:57,704 --> 01:04:01,207
[♪ uplifting music playing]

520
01:04:03,843 --> 01:04:07,580
- Until now, it was assumed
that no protected area could

521
01:04:07,681 --> 01:04:11,217
be big enough to help
fish species that migrate

522
01:04:11,317 --> 01:04:14,521
over long distances,
such as yellowfin tuna.

523
01:04:15,221 --> 01:04:18,324
This place has shattered
that assumption.

524
01:04:21,361 --> 01:04:24,264
For when we create a
nature reserve on land,

525
01:04:24,531 --> 01:04:26,866
we mostly protect
the life within it.

526
01:04:28,201 --> 01:04:30,837
But we have discovered
that when you do the same

527
01:04:30,904 --> 01:04:34,441
in the ocean, the
effects of these reserves

528
01:04:34,541 --> 01:04:37,277
spread far beyond
their boundaries.

529
01:04:38,778 --> 01:04:43,350
The waters outside
fill with life again.

530
01:04:57,797 --> 01:05:01,134
Wherever we have given
the ocean time and space,

531
01:05:01,901 --> 01:05:06,390
it has recovered fast and
on a greater scale than we

532
01:05:06,106 --> 01:05:08,475
dared to imagine possible.

533
01:05:15,715 --> 01:05:18,718
And it has the power
to go even further,

534
01:05:19,486 --> 01:05:23,723
to defend against the
greatest threats of our time.

535
01:05:31,164 --> 01:05:33,733
When corals experience
heat stress,

536
01:05:34,401 --> 01:05:39,239
they evict their plant partners
and turn ghostly white.

537
01:05:44,978 --> 01:05:48,481
During filming, the
temperature of our ocean rose

538
01:05:48,581 --> 01:05:50,750
higher than ever before.

539
01:05:54,854 --> 01:05:58,458
A devastating heat wave
travelled across the planet,

540
01:06:01,995 --> 01:06:04,364
transforming even
the largest and most

541
01:06:04,497 --> 01:06:06,700
established tropical reefs.

542
01:06:16,976 --> 01:06:20,130
As far as we know,
these reefs have never looked

543
01:06:20,113 --> 01:06:21,815
like this before.

544
01:06:35,395 --> 01:06:39,320
These Elkhorn corals
in the Caribbean...

545
01:06:41,401 --> 01:06:43,236
...were some of the last.

546
01:06:53,460 --> 01:06:57,384
We are likely here to be
witnessing the extinction of

547
01:06:57,484 --> 01:07:00,820
species before our very eyes.

548
01:07:13,166 --> 01:07:16,403
This was the biggest
global mass bleaching event

549
01:07:16,603 --> 01:07:18,204
in recorded history.

550
01:07:25,245 --> 01:07:29,716
If the warming continues,
the corals never recover.

551
01:07:31,418 --> 01:07:36,220
They're smothered
by algae... and die.

552
01:07:39,192 --> 01:07:42,929
Nearly all coral reefs are
predicted to disappear in the

553
01:07:43,290 --> 01:07:45,980
next 30 years.

554
01:07:49,690 --> 01:07:52,138
You could be forgiven for
thinking there is no hope

555
01:07:52,238 --> 01:07:53,306
left at all.

556
01:07:56,943 --> 01:07:58,440
But there is.

557
01:08:01,815 --> 01:08:07,620
In just a few places,
strict protection from fishing

558
01:08:08,555 --> 01:08:11,725
has allowed armies of
grazers to thrive.

559
01:08:14,627 --> 01:08:17,630
They hold back the
smothering algae,

560
01:08:18,398 --> 01:08:20,734
giving the corals a
chance to recover.

561
01:08:24,437 --> 01:08:26,973
These are baby corals,

562
01:08:27,807 --> 01:08:30,744
new life emerging
from the wreckage.

563
01:08:34,447 --> 01:08:35,849
In some places,

564
01:08:36,182 --> 01:08:38,952
entire reefs have
come back to life.

565
01:08:55,350 --> 01:08:57,203
[♪ uplifting music playing]

566
01:08:57,537 --> 01:09:01,841
Protection from fishing has
made these the most resilient

567
01:09:01,941 --> 01:09:03,810
reefs on the planet.

568
01:09:18,191 --> 01:09:21,494
This is the power of protection.

569
01:09:30,136 --> 01:09:34,841
It is the same story in
every ocean of the world.

570
01:09:49,155 --> 01:09:53,260
If I asked you, "How much of
the ocean is truly protected?"

571
01:09:53,426 --> 01:09:55,895
What would you say, 20%?

572
01:09:56,429 --> 01:09:58,198
At least ten, surely?

573
01:09:58,998 --> 01:10:02,869
The answer is less than 3%,

574
01:10:03,336 --> 01:10:06,272
in practical terms, none of it.

575
01:10:09,376 --> 01:10:12,779
Many of the Marine Protected
Areas that do exist are

576
01:10:12,879 --> 01:10:16,449
exploited using destructive
forms of fishing,

577
01:10:16,549 --> 01:10:18,685
and are barely safe at all.

578
01:10:22,222 --> 01:10:25,558
To save it from collapse,
scientists have said we must

579
01:10:25,625 --> 01:10:28,428
fully protect at least a third.

580
01:10:29,195 --> 01:10:32,320
For it to work it should
be, for the most part,

581
01:10:32,980 --> 01:10:34,934
along our heavily
fished coastlines.

582
01:10:45,779 --> 01:10:48,915
And the area we choose
should also include those

583
01:10:48,982 --> 01:10:54,621
magnets for life out in
the open ocean, seamounts.

584
01:11:01,728 --> 01:11:03,997
If we can protect
areas on land,

585
01:11:04,970 --> 01:11:06,766
where the entire human
population requires

586
01:11:06,833 --> 01:11:08,435
space to live,

587
01:11:08,968 --> 01:11:11,471
surely we can
do it in the sea.

588
01:11:15,575 --> 01:11:19,412
Restoring the ocean is
for everyone on Earth.

589
01:11:26,653 --> 01:11:30,423
In front of us is a
chance to protect our climate,

590
01:11:30,690 --> 01:11:32,926
our food, our home.

591
01:11:35,950 --> 01:11:37,430
After a lifetime of
filming the natural world,

592
01:11:37,497 --> 01:11:40,667
I cannot remember a
more exciting opportunity

593
01:11:40,767 --> 01:11:42,268
for our species.

594
01:11:48,842 --> 01:11:51,478
This could be the
moment of change.

595
01:11:52,512 --> 01:11:56,383
Nearly every country on Earth
has just agreed, on paper,

596
01:11:56,483 --> 01:11:59,285
to achieve this bare
minimum and fully protect a

597
01:11:59,352 --> 01:12:01,488
third of the ocean.

598
01:12:03,690 --> 01:12:07,894
Together, we now face the
challenge of making it happen.

599
01:12:12,799 --> 01:12:15,350
[Aulani Wilhelm]
Without the ocean, simply put,

600
01:12:15,135 --> 01:12:16,403
we wouldn't exist.

601
01:12:18,705 --> 01:12:20,173
The planet will go on.

602
01:12:20,240 --> 01:12:22,642
The question is,
will we be part of it?

603
01:12:25,512 --> 01:12:28,548
[Ray Kennedy] I like to
compare our fisheries to having

604
01:12:28,648 --> 01:12:30,383
an apple tree in the backyard.

605
01:12:31,484 --> 01:12:34,540
Do you want to pick all
your apples in one day?

606
01:12:35,388 --> 01:12:38,825
No, you want to go out and
you want to pick a few apples.

607
01:12:38,892 --> 01:12:40,493
You want to take what you need.

608
01:12:43,697 --> 01:12:45,899
[Don Macneish] I'm not
saying that people shouldn't

609
01:12:45,999 --> 01:12:48,368
catch fish, eat fish.

610
01:12:49,335 --> 01:12:51,671
And fishermen should be
able to make a living.

611
01:12:52,500 --> 01:12:56,409
But they shouldn't be
able to do it in a way that

612
01:12:56,509 --> 01:12:59,579
is just breaking everything.

613
01:13:02,782 --> 01:13:06,219
[John Adams] Our
community survives because

614
01:13:06,286 --> 01:13:07,220
of the ocean.

615
01:13:09,422 --> 01:13:13,360
The ocean gives life,
the ocean gives life.

616
01:13:16,129 --> 01:13:19,320
- Success on a
global scale is possible.

617
01:13:19,466 --> 01:13:22,402
I've seen it myself once before.

618
01:13:24,604 --> 01:13:28,274
[explosions]

619
01:13:30,643 --> 01:13:32,545
The pattern was familiar.

620
01:13:35,448 --> 01:13:38,151
Once whaling became
industrialized,

621
01:13:43,223 --> 01:13:48,261
it took just 100 years
until nearly all species were

622
01:13:48,328 --> 01:13:51,231
pushed to the edge
of extinction.

623
01:13:55,769 --> 01:13:58,505
The blues, the
largest of them all,

624
01:13:58,672 --> 01:14:02,275
were pursued
until only 1% remained.

625
01:14:05,345 --> 01:14:11,685
I remember thinking that was it,
there was no coming back.

626
01:14:12,786 --> 01:14:14,954
We had lost the great whales.

627
01:14:19,920 --> 01:14:24,197
Finally, lawmakers acted
on public pressure to ban

628
01:14:24,297 --> 01:14:25,598
commercial whaling.

629
01:14:27,534 --> 01:14:31,538
What followed was beyond
our wildest dreams.

630
01:14:38,445 --> 01:14:43,817
The number of humpback whales
in the South Atlantic tripled

631
01:14:43,883 --> 01:14:45,952
in just ten years.

632
01:14:56,296 --> 01:15:01,468
And scenes like these of fin
whales in Antarctica were

633
01:15:01,534 --> 01:15:04,504
unimaginable just 50 years ago.

634
01:15:16,816 --> 01:15:19,319
Even the greatest
of our ocean giants,

635
01:15:19,386 --> 01:15:20,754
the blue whale,

636
01:15:21,855 --> 01:15:24,357
hunted to the very
edge of extinction,

637
01:15:24,424 --> 01:15:26,393
has begun to return.

638
01:15:31,231 --> 01:15:35,168
I would never have imaged
that in just over a decade of

639
01:15:35,235 --> 01:15:39,673
whaling being banned, I
could encounter one myself.

640
01:15:41,410 --> 01:15:44,444
I can see its tail
just under my boat here

641
01:15:45,450 --> 01:15:46,846
And it’s coming up,
it’s coming up!

642
01:15:47,547 --> 01:15:48,682
There!

643
01:15:49,582 --> 01:15:55,188
Only in the sea can you
get such huge size as that

644
01:15:55,255 --> 01:15:57,570
magnificent creature.

645
01:16:03,363 --> 01:16:07,670
Now we are forging a
new relationship with

646
01:16:07,133 --> 01:16:08,968
these gentle creatures.

647
01:16:20,747 --> 01:16:22,982
A blue whale born today...

648
01:16:26,286 --> 01:16:29,589
...could live
for over 100 years.

649
01:16:36,996 --> 01:16:41,968
If we apply the same foresight
to save her home as we once did

650
01:16:42,680 --> 01:16:46,840
to save her species,
then she will witness

651
01:16:46,940 --> 01:16:48,808
a remarkable recovery.

652
01:17:11,798 --> 01:17:13,633
Through the course of my life,

653
01:17:14,340 --> 01:17:17,370
we have been on a
voyage of ocean discovery.

654
01:17:20,400 --> 01:17:22,750
And what a journey it has been.

655
01:17:28,515 --> 01:17:31,384
When I first saw the
sea as a young boy,

656
01:17:31,484 --> 01:17:35,588
it was thought of as a vast
wilderness to be tamed and

657
01:17:35,689 --> 01:17:38,258
mastered for the
benefit of humanity.

658
01:17:39,359 --> 01:17:42,162
Now, as I approach
the end of my life,

659
01:17:42,595 --> 01:17:44,731
we know the opposite is true.

660
01:17:49,502 --> 01:17:54,774
It is my great hope that we
all come to see the ocean not

661
01:17:54,874 --> 01:17:58,611
as a dark and distant
place with little relevance

662
01:17:58,712 --> 01:18:00,347
to our lives on land,

663
01:18:00,847 --> 01:18:04,351
but as the
lifeblood of our home.

664
01:18:07,687 --> 01:18:11,124
I'm sure that nothing
is more important.

665
01:18:16,363 --> 01:18:19,650
For if we save the sea...

666
01:18:23,970 --> 01:18:27,400
...we save our world.

667
01:18:40,320 --> 01:18:44,624
[♪ uplifting music playing
Coldplay "One World"]

668
01:19:31,371 --> 01:19:33,473
[♪ uplifting music playing
Coldplay "One World"]

669
01:19:53,526 --> 01:19:56,529
[♪ uplifting music playing
Coldplay "One World"]

670
01:20:18,418 --> 01:20:22,889
[♪ uplifting music playing
Coldplay "One World"]

671
01:20:42,676 --> 01:20:46,379
[♪ uplifting music playing
Coldplay "One World"]

672
01:21:01,795 --> 01:21:05,532
[♪ uplifting music playing
Coldplay "One World"]

673
01:21:05,965 --> 01:21:09,690
♪ In the end, it's just love ♪

674
01:21:11,604 --> 01:21:15,909
♪ In the end, it's just love ♪

675
01:21:19,879 --> 01:21:21,414
♪ Love ♪

676
01:21:23,616 --> 01:21:26,653
♪ In the end, it's just love ♪

677
01:21:29,122 --> 01:21:32,926
♪ In the end, it's just love ♪

678
01:21:35,295 --> 01:21:38,898
♪ In the end, it's just love ♪

679
01:21:46,840 --> 01:21:50,610
[♪ uplifting music playing
Relics "Blastwatch"]

680
01:22:05,925 --> 01:22:09,829
[♪ uplifting music playing
Relics "Blastwatch"]

681
01:22:32,686 --> 01:22:35,655
[♪ uplifting music playing
Relics "Blastwatch"]

682
01:22:58,878 --> 01:23:02,215
[♪ uplifting music playing
Relics "Blastwatch"]

683
01:23:22,402 --> 01:23:26,272
[♪ uplifting music playing
Relics "Blastwatch"]

684
01:23:40,754 --> 01:23:43,890
[♪ uplifting music playing
Relics "Blastwatch"]