1 00:01:08,635 --> 00:01:10,670 Dr. Oppenheimer. 2 00:01:11,671 --> 00:01:12,872 Dr. Oppenheimer. 3 00:01:14,207 --> 00:01:15,809 As we begin, I believe you have 4 00:01:15,842 --> 00:01:17,844 a statement to read into the record. 5 00:01:19,679 --> 00:01:20,880 Yes, Your Honor. 6 00:01:20,914 --> 00:01:23,160 We're not judges, Doctor. 7 00:01:23,830 --> 00:01:24,117 No. 8 00:01:25,218 --> 00:01:26,586 Of course. 9 00:01:31,791 --> 00:01:34,728 Members of the security board, 10 00:01:34,761 --> 00:01:37,970 the so-called derogatory information 11 00:01:37,130 --> 00:01:40,330 in your indictment of me cannot be fairly understood, 12 00:01:40,330 --> 00:01:43,870 except in the context of my life and my work. 13 00:01:44,838 --> 00:01:47,107 How long did he testify? 14 00:01:47,140 --> 00:01:48,842 Honestly, I forget. 15 00:01:50,243 --> 00:01:52,245 The whole hearing took a month. 16 00:01:52,245 --> 00:01:53,680 An ordeal, hmm? 17 00:01:53,713 --> 00:01:55,415 Well, I've only read the transcripts. 18 00:01:57,951 --> 00:01:59,686 Who'd want to justify their whole life? 19 00:01:59,719 --> 00:02:00,954 You weren't there? 20 00:02:00,987 --> 00:02:03,323 As chairman, I wasn't allowed to be. 21 00:02:03,323 --> 00:02:05,892 Are they really going to ask about it? 22 00:02:05,925 --> 00:02:08,610 -It was years ago. -Four years ago... 23 00:02:08,610 --> 00:02:09,129 Five. 24 00:02:09,996 --> 00:02:11,698 Oppenheimer still divides America. 25 00:02:11,731 --> 00:02:14,134 The committee is gonna want to know where you stood. 26 00:02:14,167 --> 00:02:16,269 Senator Thurmond asked me to say 27 00:02:16,269 --> 00:02:18,138 not to feel that you're on trial. 28 00:02:18,171 --> 00:02:21,708 Oh, funny, I didn't till you just said that. 29 00:02:21,708 --> 00:02:23,343 -Really, Mr. Strauss... -It's Admiral. 30 00:02:23,376 --> 00:02:26,312 Um, Admiral Strauss. This is a formality. 31 00:02:26,346 --> 00:02:28,815 President Eisenhower has asked you to be in his cabinet. 32 00:02:28,882 --> 00:02:30,717 Senate really has no choice but to confirm you. 33 00:02:30,750 --> 00:02:33,190 And if they bring up Oppenheimer? 34 00:02:33,530 --> 00:02:35,422 When they bring up Oppenheimer, you answer honestly. 35 00:02:35,455 --> 00:02:37,824 No senator can deny you did your duty. 36 00:02:37,891 --> 00:02:40,260 It'll be uncomfortable. 37 00:02:40,600 --> 00:02:42,195 Who'd want to justify their whole life? 38 00:02:47,133 --> 00:02:49,836 Why did you leave the United States? 39 00:02:51,938 --> 00:02:55,342 I, uh... I wanted to study the new physics. 40 00:02:55,375 --> 00:02:56,910 Was there nowhere here? 41 00:02:56,943 --> 00:02:58,945 I thought Berkeley had the leading 42 00:02:58,945 --> 00:03:00,780 theoretical physics department. 43 00:03:00,847 --> 00:03:03,416 Yes. Once I built it. 44 00:03:03,450 --> 00:03:05,510 But first I had to go to Europe. 45 00:03:05,850 --> 00:03:08,455 I went to Cambridge to study under Patrick Blackett. 46 00:03:08,488 --> 00:03:11,910 Were you happier there than in America? 47 00:03:11,124 --> 00:03:13,259 -Happier? -Yes. 48 00:03:17,230 --> 00:03:20,233 No. No, I, uh... 49 00:03:23,236 --> 00:03:25,710 I was homesick, um... 50 00:03:25,939 --> 00:03:27,874 ...emotionally immature... 51 00:03:29,750 --> 00:03:34,214 ...troubled by visions of a hidden universe. 52 00:03:45,258 --> 00:03:47,930 Useless in the lab. 53 00:03:52,132 --> 00:03:54,234 Christ, Oppenheimer. 54 00:03:54,267 --> 00:03:56,336 Have you had any sleep? 55 00:03:58,138 --> 00:03:59,372 Start again. 56 00:03:59,406 --> 00:04:01,908 I need to go to the lecture, sir. 57 00:04:01,908 --> 00:04:03,343 Why? 58 00:04:03,376 --> 00:04:05,278 It's Niels Bohr. 59 00:04:08,810 --> 00:04:09,749 Damn, completely forgot. 60 00:04:09,816 --> 00:04:12,180 All right. Let's go. 61 00:04:14,354 --> 00:04:16,256 Oh, no, not you, Oppenheimer. 62 00:04:16,289 --> 00:04:17,390 You finish coating those plates. 63 00:04:17,424 --> 00:04:19,259 You see them? 64 00:04:24,831 --> 00:04:26,766 Don't forget to clean up! 65 00:04:52,425 --> 00:04:56,290 Subtitle Sync by: Aren Zohrabi 66 00:04:57,964 --> 00:05:01,901 Quantum physics is not a step forward, 67 00:05:01,935 --> 00:05:05,438 it is a new way to understand reality. 68 00:05:05,472 --> 00:05:09,420 Einstein's opened the door, now we are peering through, 69 00:05:09,750 --> 00:05:11,978 seeing a world inside our world. 70 00:05:12,120 --> 00:05:17,417 A world of energy and paradox that not everyone can accept. 71 00:05:59,526 --> 00:06:00,960 Yeah, definitely. 72 00:06:00,994 --> 00:06:02,362 Are you all right? 73 00:06:03,596 --> 00:06:05,432 Niels, meet J. Robert Oppenheimer. 74 00:06:05,465 --> 00:06:06,966 What's the "J" stand for? 75 00:06:07,000 --> 00:06:08,968 Nothing, apparently. 76 00:06:09,200 --> 00:06:10,103 You were at my lecture. 77 00:06:10,136 --> 00:06:11,538 You asked the only good question. 78 00:06:11,571 --> 00:06:13,306 No one's denying his insight. 79 00:06:13,340 --> 00:06:15,408 It's his laboratory work that leaves a little to be desired. 80 00:06:15,442 --> 00:06:17,277 I heard you give the same lecture... 81 00:06:17,310 --> 00:06:20,513 At Harvard, yes, and you asked the same question. 82 00:06:20,547 --> 00:06:21,648 Why ask again? 83 00:06:21,681 --> 00:06:23,283 Hadn't liked your answer. 84 00:06:24,651 --> 00:06:26,386 Did you like it better yesterday? 85 00:06:26,419 --> 00:06:27,687 A lot. 86 00:06:27,721 --> 00:06:29,622 You can lift the stone without being ready 87 00:06:29,656 --> 00:06:32,250 for the snake that's revealed. 88 00:06:32,580 --> 00:06:34,194 Now it seems you're ready. 89 00:06:34,227 --> 00:06:36,529 But you don't enjoy the lab? 90 00:06:36,563 --> 00:06:39,432 So get out of Cambridge with its beakers and potions. 91 00:06:39,466 --> 00:06:42,435 Go somewhere they let you think. 92 00:06:43,436 --> 00:06:45,710 Where? 93 00:06:45,705 --> 00:06:46,706 Göttingen. 94 00:06:46,740 --> 00:06:48,675 -Born? -Born. 95 00:06:48,708 --> 00:06:50,677 Get to Germany, study under Max Born. 96 00:06:50,710 --> 00:06:53,346 Learn the ways of theory. 97 00:06:53,380 --> 00:06:54,414 I'll send word. 98 00:06:56,490 --> 00:06:58,151 Wormhole. 99 00:06:58,184 --> 00:06:59,552 How's your mathematics? 100 00:06:59,586 --> 00:07:01,554 Not good enough for the physicist he wants to be. 101 00:07:01,588 --> 00:07:04,157 Algebra's like sheet music. 102 00:07:04,190 --> 00:07:06,659 The important thing isn't "Can you read music?" 103 00:07:06,693 --> 00:07:07,694 It's "Can you hear it?" 104 00:07:07,727 --> 00:07:11,310 Can you hear the music, Robert? 105 00:07:11,998 --> 00:07:13,566 Yes, I can. 106 00:08:46,659 --> 00:08:48,161 The senator from Wyoming. 107 00:08:49,129 --> 00:08:51,598 Admiral Strauss, I'm interested in your relationship 108 00:08:51,631 --> 00:08:54,501 with Dr. J. Robert Oppenheimer. 109 00:08:54,534 --> 00:08:56,136 You met him in 1947? 110 00:08:56,169 --> 00:08:57,137 Correct. 111 00:08:57,170 --> 00:08:58,938 You were commissioner 112 00:08:58,972 --> 00:09:00,540 of the Atomic Energy Commission? 113 00:09:00,573 --> 00:09:04,511 I was, but I-I actually met Robert in my capacity 114 00:09:04,544 --> 00:09:07,213 as board member of the Institute for Advanced Study 115 00:09:07,247 --> 00:09:09,490 at Princeton because 116 00:09:09,820 --> 00:09:11,718 after the war, he was world-renowned 117 00:09:11,751 --> 00:09:14,154 as the great man of physics, and I was determined 118 00:09:14,187 --> 00:09:16,890 to get him to run the Institute. 119 00:09:26,660 --> 00:09:29,135 Dr. Oppenheimer. An honor. 120 00:09:29,169 --> 00:09:30,503 Mr. Strauss. 121 00:09:30,537 --> 00:09:31,838 It's pronounced "straws." 122 00:09:32,739 --> 00:09:34,207 Oh-ppenheimer, Oppenheimer. 123 00:09:34,240 --> 00:09:36,109 Whatever way you say it, they know I'm Jewish. 124 00:09:37,644 --> 00:09:40,246 I'm president of Temple Emanu-El in Manhattan. 125 00:09:40,280 --> 00:09:42,549 "Straws" is just the Southern pronunciation. 126 00:09:42,582 --> 00:09:43,616 -Ah. -Anyway, 127 00:09:43,650 --> 00:09:45,850 welcome to the Institute. 128 00:09:45,118 --> 00:09:46,753 I think you could be very happy here. 129 00:09:46,786 --> 00:09:48,722 Yes, well, you'll love the commute. 130 00:09:48,755 --> 00:09:50,900 The position comes with that house 131 00:09:50,123 --> 00:09:51,591 for you and your wife 132 00:09:51,624 --> 00:09:53,793 and your, is it two children? 133 00:09:53,827 --> 00:09:54,627 Yes, two. 134 00:09:54,661 --> 00:09:57,597 I'm a great admirer of your work. 135 00:09:57,630 --> 00:09:59,833 And you're a physicist by training, Mr. Strauss? 136 00:09:59,866 --> 00:10:01,935 I'm sorry, uh, common room 4:00 tea. 137 00:10:01,968 --> 00:10:04,738 No, I'm not trained in physics or anything else. 138 00:10:04,771 --> 00:10:06,606 -I'm a self-made man. -Ah. 139 00:10:06,639 --> 00:10:08,641 -I can relate to that. -Really? 140 00:10:08,675 --> 00:10:11,110 Yes, my father was one. 141 00:10:11,440 --> 00:10:14,614 And this would be your office. 142 00:10:23,790 --> 00:10:25,725 I'm told he's there most afternoons. 143 00:10:25,759 --> 00:10:27,861 You know, I've always wondered 144 00:10:27,894 --> 00:10:31,498 why you didn't involve him in the Manhattan Project. 145 00:10:32,265 --> 00:10:35,769 Greatest scientific mind of our time. 146 00:10:35,802 --> 00:10:37,671 Of his time. 147 00:10:37,704 --> 00:10:39,739 Einstein published his Theory of Relativity 148 00:10:39,773 --> 00:10:42,709 more than 40 years ago now. 149 00:10:43,777 --> 00:10:46,212 But never embraced the quantum world it revealed. 150 00:10:46,246 --> 00:10:47,781 "God doesn't play dice." 151 00:10:47,814 --> 00:10:49,783 Precisely. 152 00:10:49,816 --> 00:10:52,619 You never thought of studying physics formally, Mr. Strauss? 153 00:10:52,652 --> 00:10:55,210 Well, I had offers, but I chose to sell shoes. 154 00:10:55,550 --> 00:10:58,558 Lewis Strauss was once a lowly shoe salesman. 155 00:10:59,325 --> 00:11:01,227 No, just a shoe salesman. 156 00:11:01,261 --> 00:11:03,530 Huh. 157 00:11:04,798 --> 00:11:07,567 -I'd love to introduce you. -No need. 158 00:11:08,668 --> 00:11:10,136 I have known him for years. 159 00:11:31,358 --> 00:11:33,590 Albert. 160 00:11:37,664 --> 00:11:41,868 What was that? What did you say to him? 161 00:11:44,400 --> 00:11:45,380 Oh, he's fine. 162 00:11:46,906 --> 00:11:50,210 Mr. Strauss, there are things in my past 163 00:11:50,243 --> 00:11:51,745 you ought to be aware of. 164 00:11:51,778 --> 00:11:53,680 Well, as chairman of the AEC, 165 00:11:53,713 --> 00:11:55,181 I have access to your security file. 166 00:11:55,215 --> 00:11:56,216 I've read it. 167 00:11:56,249 --> 00:11:57,817 -You're not worried? -No. 168 00:11:57,851 --> 00:11:59,219 Why would I be worried after everything 169 00:11:59,252 --> 00:12:00,720 you've done for your country? 170 00:12:00,754 --> 00:12:02,222 Well, times change, Mr. Strauss. 171 00:12:02,255 --> 00:12:04,900 Well, the purpose of this institute 172 00:12:04,124 --> 00:12:06,793 is to provide a haven for independent minds. 173 00:12:07,727 --> 00:12:10,730 That's you. You are the man for the job. 174 00:12:10,764 --> 00:12:13,366 Well, then I'll consider it. 175 00:12:13,400 --> 00:12:15,669 I'll see you at the AEC meeting tomorrow. 176 00:12:20,730 --> 00:12:21,641 This is one of the most prestigious 177 00:12:21,675 --> 00:12:23,410 appointments in the country. 178 00:12:23,443 --> 00:12:25,645 Yes, with a great commute. 179 00:12:25,679 --> 00:12:27,981 That's why I'm considering it. 180 00:12:28,140 --> 00:12:29,783 So, Dr. Oppenheimer brought 181 00:12:29,816 --> 00:12:32,218 your attention to his past associations 182 00:12:32,252 --> 00:12:33,386 before you appointed him? 183 00:12:33,420 --> 00:12:34,854 Yes. 184 00:12:34,888 --> 00:12:36,723 And it didn't concern you? 185 00:12:36,756 --> 00:12:38,291 Just then, I was entirely consumed 186 00:12:38,324 --> 00:12:42,950 with what he must have said to Einstein to sour him on me. 187 00:12:45,699 --> 00:12:46,900 But later? 188 00:12:46,933 --> 00:12:48,868 Well, we all know what happened later. 189 00:12:48,902 --> 00:12:51,271 Doctor, your, uh... your time in Europe, 190 00:12:51,304 --> 00:12:52,872 you seemed to meet with a wide range 191 00:12:52,906 --> 00:12:54,341 of other countries' physicists. 192 00:12:54,374 --> 00:12:55,375 Yes, that's right. 193 00:12:55,408 --> 00:12:57,677 Any Russians? 194 00:12:58,745 --> 00:13:00,180 None that spring to mind. 195 00:13:00,213 --> 00:13:03,116 If you'll just allow me to continue with my statement... 196 00:13:03,149 --> 00:13:06,119 Mr. Robb, you'll have ample opportunity to cross-examine. 197 00:13:08,355 --> 00:13:11,291 After Göttingen, I moved on to Leiden in Holland 198 00:13:11,324 --> 00:13:14,361 where I first met Isidor Rabi. 199 00:13:14,394 --> 00:13:16,896 Excuse me. 200 00:13:20,834 --> 00:13:23,169 A Yank, lecturing on the new physics? 201 00:13:23,203 --> 00:13:24,270 This I have to hear. 202 00:13:24,304 --> 00:13:26,339 I'm an American myself. 203 00:13:26,373 --> 00:13:27,874 How surprising. 204 00:13:27,907 --> 00:13:28,975 Um... 205 00:13:29,900 --> 00:13:31,277 Let me know if you need any help with the English. 206 00:13:45,258 --> 00:13:47,227 Wait, what's he saying? 207 00:13:57,771 --> 00:13:58,805 No, thank you. 208 00:13:58,838 --> 00:14:00,807 It's a long way to Zurich. 209 00:14:00,840 --> 00:14:02,475 You get any skinnier, we're gonna lose you 210 00:14:02,509 --> 00:14:04,344 between the seat cushions. 211 00:14:04,377 --> 00:14:05,412 I'm Rabi. 212 00:14:05,445 --> 00:14:06,813 Oppenheimer. 213 00:14:06,846 --> 00:14:08,882 I caught your lecture on molecules. 214 00:14:08,915 --> 00:14:10,500 Caught some of it. 215 00:14:11,184 --> 00:14:13,353 We're a couple of New York Jews. How do you know Dutch? 216 00:14:13,386 --> 00:14:14,954 Well, I thought I'd better learn it 217 00:14:14,988 --> 00:14:16,156 when I got here this semester. 218 00:14:16,189 --> 00:14:17,791 You learned enough Dutch in six weeks 219 00:14:17,824 --> 00:14:19,526 to give a lecture on quantum mechanics? 220 00:14:19,559 --> 00:14:21,610 Wanted to challenge myself. 221 00:14:21,940 --> 00:14:23,463 Quantum physics wasn't challenging enough. 222 00:14:23,496 --> 00:14:25,231 -Schvitzer. -Schvitzer? 223 00:14:25,265 --> 00:14:27,167 Show-off. 224 00:14:27,200 --> 00:14:29,350 Dutch in six weeks, but you never learned Yiddish? 225 00:14:29,690 --> 00:14:31,137 They don't speak it so much my side of the park. 226 00:14:31,171 --> 00:14:32,238 Screw you. 227 00:14:33,340 --> 00:14:34,841 You homesick? 228 00:14:34,874 --> 00:14:36,276 Oh, you know it. 229 00:14:37,243 --> 00:14:40,246 Ever get the feeling our kind isn't entirely welcome here? 230 00:14:40,280 --> 00:14:41,348 Physicists? 231 00:14:41,381 --> 00:14:42,882 'S funny. 232 00:14:42,916 --> 00:14:44,984 Not in the department. 233 00:14:45,180 --> 00:14:46,319 They're all Jewish too. 234 00:14:48,421 --> 00:14:49,823 Eat. 235 00:14:52,125 --> 00:14:54,260 There's a German you have to seek out. 236 00:14:55,295 --> 00:14:57,831 -Heisenberg. -Right. 237 00:15:07,700 --> 00:15:08,508 One might be led to the presumption 238 00:15:08,541 --> 00:15:11,110 that behind the quantum world, 239 00:15:11,440 --> 00:15:14,914 there still hides a real world in which causality holds, 240 00:15:14,948 --> 00:15:17,150 but such speculation seem to us, 241 00:15:17,183 --> 00:15:19,919 to say it explicitly, fruitless. Thank you. 242 00:15:19,953 --> 00:15:21,388 Have a great day. 243 00:15:26,593 --> 00:15:28,294 -Wonderful. -Thank you. 244 00:15:28,328 --> 00:15:29,562 Dr. Oppenheimer. 245 00:15:29,596 --> 00:15:31,531 Oppenheimer, yes. 246 00:15:31,564 --> 00:15:33,433 I liked your paper on molecules. 247 00:15:33,466 --> 00:15:34,968 Probably because you inspired it. 248 00:15:35,100 --> 00:15:36,503 If I inspire anything else, let me know. 249 00:15:36,536 --> 00:15:37,570 We could publish together. 250 00:15:37,604 --> 00:15:39,439 I have to get back to America. 251 00:15:39,472 --> 00:15:41,207 Why? There's no one there 252 00:15:41,241 --> 00:15:43,443 taking quantum mechanics seriously. 253 00:15:43,476 --> 00:15:45,780 That's exactly why. 254 00:15:45,111 --> 00:15:47,547 He's pining for the canyons of Manhattan. 255 00:15:47,580 --> 00:15:50,160 Canyons of New Mexico. 256 00:15:50,500 --> 00:15:51,184 -You're from New Mexico? -No. 257 00:15:51,217 --> 00:15:53,319 New York, but my brother and I have a ranch 258 00:15:53,353 --> 00:15:55,455 outside Santa Fe. 259 00:15:55,488 --> 00:15:57,857 That's the America I miss right now. 260 00:15:57,891 --> 00:15:59,959 Then it's best you get home, cowboys. 261 00:15:59,993 --> 00:16:01,594 That's him. 262 00:16:01,628 --> 00:16:05,650 No, me and horses. I don't think so. 263 00:16:05,980 --> 00:16:07,233 Nice to meet you. 264 00:16:08,968 --> 00:16:11,104 Did you ever encounter Heisenberg again? 265 00:16:11,137 --> 00:16:14,400 Not in person, no, but, uh... 266 00:16:15,275 --> 00:16:17,377 ...you might say our paths crossed. 267 00:16:18,945 --> 00:16:21,147 On returning to America, I accepted positions 268 00:16:21,181 --> 00:16:23,917 at both Caltech and up at Berkeley. 269 00:16:27,620 --> 00:16:29,255 I got it, it's all right. 270 00:16:47,974 --> 00:16:50,100 Dr. Lawrence, I presume? 271 00:16:51,411 --> 00:16:52,645 You must be Oppenheimer. 272 00:16:52,679 --> 00:16:54,214 Yes. 273 00:16:54,247 --> 00:16:56,583 I hear you want to start a school of quantum theory. 274 00:16:56,616 --> 00:16:58,284 I am starting it. Next door. 275 00:16:58,318 --> 00:17:00,153 -They put you in there? -I asked for it. 276 00:17:00,186 --> 00:17:02,255 Wanted to be close to you experimentalists. 277 00:17:02,288 --> 00:17:04,657 Theory will get you only so far, huh? 278 00:17:04,691 --> 00:17:06,659 We're building a machine to accelerate electrons. 279 00:17:06,693 --> 00:17:09,396 -Magnificent. -Would you like to help? 280 00:17:09,429 --> 00:17:11,264 Build it? Oh, no. 281 00:17:11,297 --> 00:17:12,399 No, no. 282 00:17:12,432 --> 00:17:15,100 But I am working on theories I'd like to test with it. 283 00:17:15,350 --> 00:17:16,360 When do you start teaching? 284 00:17:16,690 --> 00:17:17,937 I've got my first in an hour. 285 00:17:17,971 --> 00:17:19,973 -Seminar? -Pupil. 286 00:17:20,600 --> 00:17:23,243 One student? That's it? 287 00:17:23,276 --> 00:17:26,120 I'm teaching something no one here has dreamt of. 288 00:17:26,460 --> 00:17:28,480 But once people start hearing what you can do with it... 289 00:17:28,810 --> 00:17:29,549 There's no going back. 290 00:17:31,718 --> 00:17:34,200 -Oh. I must have missed the... -Ah. Lo... 291 00:17:34,540 --> 00:17:36,560 -Mr. Lomanitz? -Na. 292 00:17:37,257 --> 00:17:38,158 Yeah. 293 00:17:38,191 --> 00:17:40,293 Yes, this is it. Please. 294 00:17:40,326 --> 00:17:41,394 Take a seat. 295 00:17:46,266 --> 00:17:48,680 What do you know about quantum mechanics? 296 00:17:48,101 --> 00:17:50,470 I have a grasp on the basics. 297 00:17:50,503 --> 00:17:52,720 Then you're doing it wrong. 298 00:17:53,306 --> 00:17:55,575 Is light made up of particles or waves? 299 00:17:55,608 --> 00:17:56,743 Quantum mechanics says it's both. 300 00:17:56,776 --> 00:17:58,378 How could it be both? 301 00:17:58,411 --> 00:18:00,313 -It can't. -It can't. 302 00:18:00,347 --> 00:18:05,218 But it is. It's paradoxical, and yet, it works. 303 00:18:12,359 --> 00:18:13,360 Now. 304 00:18:15,228 --> 00:18:17,197 Thank you. 305 00:18:17,230 --> 00:18:20,233 Mr. Lomanitz. You're gonna be okay. 306 00:18:20,266 --> 00:18:21,634 Mr. Snyder. 307 00:18:21,668 --> 00:18:23,203 Now let's consider a star. 308 00:18:23,236 --> 00:18:26,773 A star. A vast furnace burning in outer space, 309 00:18:26,806 --> 00:18:30,210 fire pushing outwards against its own gravity. 310 00:18:30,243 --> 00:18:31,678 Balanced. 311 00:18:31,711 --> 00:18:34,140 But if that furnace cools... 312 00:18:35,382 --> 00:18:37,384 ...and gravity starts winning, it contracts. 313 00:18:38,385 --> 00:18:39,352 Density increases. 314 00:18:39,386 --> 00:18:40,587 Correct. 315 00:18:40,620 --> 00:18:41,788 Increasing gravity. 316 00:18:41,821 --> 00:18:43,323 Increasing density. 317 00:18:43,356 --> 00:18:45,492 -And? -It's a vicious cycle until... 318 00:18:45,525 --> 00:18:47,160 what's the limit here? 319 00:18:48,328 --> 00:18:50,563 I don't know. See where the math takes us. 320 00:18:50,597 --> 00:18:52,365 I guarantee it's somewhere no one's been before. 321 00:18:52,399 --> 00:18:54,300 Me? 322 00:18:54,334 --> 00:18:56,503 Yes, you. Your math is better than mine. 323 00:18:58,238 --> 00:19:00,340 Dr. Oppenheimer's file 324 00:19:00,373 --> 00:19:02,776 contained detail of his activities in Berkeley. 325 00:19:02,809 --> 00:19:04,277 Why would they have started a file 326 00:19:04,310 --> 00:19:07,247 on Dr. Oppenheimer before the war? 327 00:19:07,280 --> 00:19:09,749 Well, you'd have to ask Mr. Hoover. 328 00:19:09,783 --> 00:19:11,651 I'm asking you, Admiral Strauss. 329 00:19:11,685 --> 00:19:14,621 Uh, my assumption is that 330 00:19:14,654 --> 00:19:17,791 it was connected to his, uh, 331 00:19:17,824 --> 00:19:20,360 left-wing political activities. 332 00:19:21,461 --> 00:19:23,129 You shouldn't let them bring up politics 333 00:19:23,163 --> 00:19:24,497 in the classroom, Oppie. 334 00:19:24,531 --> 00:19:26,266 I wrote that. 335 00:19:26,299 --> 00:19:29,569 Lawrence, you embrace the revolution in physics. 336 00:19:29,602 --> 00:19:31,404 Can't you see it everywhere else? 337 00:19:31,438 --> 00:19:33,540 Picasso, Stravinsky, Freud, Marx. 338 00:19:33,573 --> 00:19:35,175 Well, this is America, Oppie. 339 00:19:35,208 --> 00:19:36,576 We had our revolution. 340 00:19:37,711 --> 00:19:40,213 Seriously, keep it out of the lab. 341 00:19:40,246 --> 00:19:43,350 Well, out of the lab, my landlady 342 00:19:43,383 --> 00:19:46,186 is having a discussion group tonight. Interested? 343 00:19:46,219 --> 00:19:48,288 I have sampled the Berkeley political scene. 344 00:19:48,321 --> 00:19:50,357 It's all just philosophy post-grads 345 00:19:50,390 --> 00:19:52,692 and Communists talking integration. 346 00:19:52,726 --> 00:19:54,394 You don't care about integration. 347 00:19:54,427 --> 00:19:56,296 I want to vote for it, not talk about it. 348 00:19:56,329 --> 00:19:58,331 'Specially on a Friday. Come on, let's eat. 349 00:19:58,365 --> 00:20:00,700 I'm meeting my brother there. 350 00:20:00,734 --> 00:20:02,602 And how would these activities 351 00:20:02,635 --> 00:20:03,770 have come to the attention 352 00:20:03,803 --> 00:20:04,804 of the FBI? 353 00:20:04,838 --> 00:20:06,806 Well, if I remember correctly, 354 00:20:06,840 --> 00:20:08,775 the FBI was taking license plates 355 00:20:08,808 --> 00:20:11,144 outside suspected Communist gatherings, 356 00:20:11,177 --> 00:20:13,179 and his name popped up. 357 00:20:20,754 --> 00:20:22,288 -Gotcha! -Jesus Christ. 358 00:20:22,322 --> 00:20:24,624 -Sorry. Hi, brother. -Frank. 359 00:20:25,625 --> 00:20:27,360 Uh, you remember Jackie. 360 00:20:27,394 --> 00:20:28,862 Evening. 361 00:20:28,895 --> 00:20:30,864 Let's go. Come. 362 00:20:30,897 --> 00:20:33,466 Right over there, right over there. 363 00:20:34,401 --> 00:20:37,404 Robert. I want you to meet Chevalier. 364 00:20:37,437 --> 00:20:41,141 Dr. Haakon Chevalier, Dr. Robert Oppenheimer. 365 00:20:41,174 --> 00:20:42,342 -Pleasure. -Pleasure. 366 00:20:42,375 --> 00:20:43,677 This is my little brother, Frank. 367 00:20:43,710 --> 00:20:44,911 -And this is... -Hello. 368 00:20:44,944 --> 00:20:46,880 -Still Jackie. -Hello, Still Jackie. 369 00:20:46,913 --> 00:20:48,882 Chevalier, you're in languages? 370 00:20:48,915 --> 00:20:50,650 And your reputation precedes you. 371 00:20:50,684 --> 00:20:52,419 -What have you heard? -Excuse me. 372 00:20:52,452 --> 00:20:54,220 That you're teaching a radical new approach to physics 373 00:20:54,254 --> 00:20:55,488 I have no chance of understanding, 374 00:20:55,522 --> 00:20:56,890 but I hadn't heard you're a Party member. 375 00:20:56,923 --> 00:20:59,225 -Uh, I'm not. -Oh, not yet. 376 00:20:59,259 --> 00:21:01,227 Frank and I are thinking of joining. Just the other day, 377 00:21:01,261 --> 00:21:02,896 -I was saying... -I support a range of causes. 378 00:21:02,929 --> 00:21:04,564 The Spanish Civil War? 379 00:21:04,597 --> 00:21:06,332 A democratic republic being overthrown 380 00:21:06,366 --> 00:21:07,667 by fascist thugs, who wouldn't? 381 00:21:07,701 --> 00:21:09,369 Our government. 382 00:21:09,402 --> 00:21:10,870 They think that socialism is a bigger threat than fascism. 383 00:21:10,904 --> 00:21:12,405 Not for long. 384 00:21:12,439 --> 00:21:14,240 Look at what the Nazis are doing to the Jews. 385 00:21:14,274 --> 00:21:16,843 I send funds to colleagues in Germany to emigrate. 386 00:21:16,876 --> 00:21:18,912 I have to do something. 387 00:21:18,945 --> 00:21:22,315 My own work is so abstract. 388 00:21:22,349 --> 00:21:23,917 What are you working on? 389 00:21:23,950 --> 00:21:25,885 What happens to the stars when they die. 390 00:21:25,919 --> 00:21:27,354 Do stars die? 391 00:21:28,555 --> 00:21:29,856 Well, if they do, 392 00:21:29,889 --> 00:21:31,791 they'd cool, then collapse. 393 00:21:31,825 --> 00:21:34,461 In fact, the bigger the star, 394 00:21:34,494 --> 00:21:37,197 the more violent its demise. 395 00:21:37,230 --> 00:21:38,765 The gravity gets so concentrated 396 00:21:38,798 --> 00:21:41,768 it swallows everything. 397 00:21:41,801 --> 00:21:42,769 Everything, even light. 398 00:21:42,802 --> 00:21:43,970 Can that really happen? 399 00:21:44,400 --> 00:21:45,805 The math says it can. 400 00:21:45,839 --> 00:21:47,273 If we can get published, 401 00:21:47,307 --> 00:21:48,875 then perhaps one day, an astronomer finds one. 402 00:21:48,908 --> 00:21:50,643 But right now, all I have is theory, 403 00:21:50,677 --> 00:21:52,545 which can't impact people's lives. 404 00:21:52,579 --> 00:21:54,848 Well, if you're going to send money to Spain, 405 00:21:54,881 --> 00:21:56,449 do it through the Communist Party. 406 00:21:56,483 --> 00:21:57,817 They can get it to the front lines. 407 00:21:57,851 --> 00:22:00,253 Mary sent me with these. 408 00:22:00,954 --> 00:22:03,757 -I'm Jean. -Robert. 409 00:22:03,790 --> 00:22:05,291 Haakon Chevalier. 410 00:22:05,325 --> 00:22:06,860 The union meeting at Serber's last month? 411 00:22:06,893 --> 00:22:08,294 Right, right, yes. 412 00:22:08,328 --> 00:22:09,696 Oh, thank you. 413 00:22:09,729 --> 00:22:11,965 Robert here says he's not a Communist. 414 00:22:11,998 --> 00:22:14,300 Well, then he doesn't know enough about it. 415 00:22:14,334 --> 00:22:16,703 Oh, I've read Das Kapital, all three volumes. 416 00:22:16,736 --> 00:22:18,371 Does that count? 417 00:22:18,405 --> 00:22:20,373 It would make you better read than most party members. 418 00:22:20,407 --> 00:22:22,709 Turgid stuff. There's some thinking, um, 419 00:22:22,742 --> 00:22:23,910 "Ownership is theft." 420 00:22:23,943 --> 00:22:25,845 -"Property." -"Property"? 421 00:22:25,879 --> 00:22:27,681 "Property," not "ownership." 422 00:22:27,714 --> 00:22:29,749 I'm sorry, I read it in the original German. 423 00:22:29,783 --> 00:22:32,452 Well. 424 00:22:33,319 --> 00:22:34,688 It's not about the book. 425 00:22:34,721 --> 00:22:37,724 It's about the ideas. And you sound uncommitted. 426 00:22:37,757 --> 00:22:39,392 Well, I'm committed to thinking freely 427 00:22:39,426 --> 00:22:41,861 about how to improve our world. 428 00:22:41,895 --> 00:22:43,997 Why limit yourself to one dogma? 429 00:22:44,300 --> 00:22:47,000 You're a physicist, you pick and choose rules? 430 00:22:47,330 --> 00:22:48,601 Or do you use the discipline 431 00:22:48,635 --> 00:22:50,770 to channel your energies into progress? 432 00:22:50,804 --> 00:22:53,206 I like a little wiggle room. 433 00:22:54,307 --> 00:22:56,509 Do you always tow the party line? 434 00:22:57,877 --> 00:22:59,646 I like my wiggle room too. 435 00:23:28,141 --> 00:23:29,476 This'll do. 436 00:23:35,615 --> 00:23:37,217 It'll break before dawn. 437 00:23:37,250 --> 00:23:40,620 Air cools overnight, just before dawn, it breaks. 438 00:23:43,289 --> 00:23:45,225 Come. 439 00:23:51,264 --> 00:23:54,734 Ah. So, I'm getting married. 440 00:23:54,768 --> 00:23:56,369 -Frank. Congratulations! -Thank you. 441 00:23:56,403 --> 00:23:58,204 -Thank you. -To Jackie? 442 00:23:58,238 --> 00:24:00,607 Yeah, to Jackie. 443 00:24:00,640 --> 00:24:01,741 The waitress. 444 00:24:01,775 --> 00:24:03,743 Oppie, you're right. It's lettin' up. 445 00:24:03,777 --> 00:24:06,212 I'm gonna go see if there's any stars. 446 00:24:06,246 --> 00:24:08,281 All your talk about the common man, 447 00:24:08,314 --> 00:24:09,816 but Jackie's not good enough for you, hmm? 448 00:24:09,849 --> 00:24:10,884 Mm-mm. 449 00:24:10,917 --> 00:24:12,419 We join the Party and you can't 450 00:24:12,452 --> 00:24:14,220 -hide your disapproval. Why? -Oh, now, I... 451 00:24:14,254 --> 00:24:15,321 Is that because that's supposed to be your thing? 452 00:24:15,355 --> 00:24:16,890 I haven't joined the Party, Frank. 453 00:24:16,923 --> 00:24:19,459 And I don't think she should have convinced you to either. 454 00:24:19,492 --> 00:24:21,227 Half of the faculty is Communist. 455 00:24:21,261 --> 00:24:22,328 Not that half. 456 00:24:23,663 --> 00:24:26,399 I'm your brother, Frank, and I want you to be cautious. 457 00:24:26,433 --> 00:24:28,134 And I want to wring your neck. 458 00:24:30,537 --> 00:24:33,440 I won't live my life afraid to make a mistake. 459 00:24:35,308 --> 00:24:38,645 You're happy, I'm happy. 460 00:24:38,678 --> 00:24:40,213 So then I'm happy you're happy 461 00:24:40,246 --> 00:24:41,581 that I'm happy. 462 00:24:45,852 --> 00:24:47,454 I feel like I could see 463 00:24:47,487 --> 00:24:49,589 one of those dark stars that you're working on. 464 00:24:49,622 --> 00:24:52,192 You can't. That's the whole point. 465 00:24:52,859 --> 00:24:54,561 Their gravity swallows light. 466 00:24:55,829 --> 00:24:58,898 It's like a kind of hole in space. 467 00:24:58,932 --> 00:25:00,266 Is Frank okay? 468 00:25:00,300 --> 00:25:02,702 Yes. He just has a shitty brother. 469 00:25:03,837 --> 00:25:05,505 It is special here. 470 00:25:07,874 --> 00:25:10,343 When I was a kid, 471 00:25:10,377 --> 00:25:13,413 I thought if I could find a way 472 00:25:13,446 --> 00:25:17,817 to combine physics and New Mexico, 473 00:25:17,851 --> 00:25:20,387 my life would be perfect. 474 00:25:21,454 --> 00:25:22,722 Little remote for that. 475 00:25:22,756 --> 00:25:23,890 Yes. 476 00:25:23,923 --> 00:25:25,592 Let's get some sleep. 477 00:25:26,559 --> 00:25:27,961 That mesa we saw today, 478 00:25:27,994 --> 00:25:30,497 one of my favorite places in the world. 479 00:25:31,331 --> 00:25:32,799 And tomorrow we'll climb it. 480 00:25:32,832 --> 00:25:34,267 What's it called? 481 00:25:35,301 --> 00:25:37,370 Los Alamos. 482 00:25:40,473 --> 00:25:42,475 I didn't expect to see you today. 483 00:25:43,643 --> 00:25:45,478 Do I have to make an appointment? 484 00:25:47,414 --> 00:25:49,549 Hey! Hey, get back here! 485 00:25:49,582 --> 00:25:50,717 Alvarez? 486 00:25:56,489 --> 00:25:59,325 Oppie! Oppie! 487 00:25:59,359 --> 00:26:01,361 What? What is it? 488 00:26:01,394 --> 00:26:02,996 They've done it. They've done it. 489 00:26:03,290 --> 00:26:04,297 Hahn and Strassmann in Germany. 490 00:26:04,330 --> 00:26:06,499 They split the uranium nucleus. 491 00:26:07,367 --> 00:26:09,235 How? 492 00:26:09,969 --> 00:26:11,871 Bombard it with neutrons. 493 00:26:11,905 --> 00:26:13,390 It's a nuclear fission. 494 00:26:13,730 --> 00:26:14,708 They did it, they split the atom. 495 00:26:14,741 --> 00:26:16,309 It's not possible. 496 00:26:22,449 --> 00:26:24,250 I'm gonna try to reproduce it. 497 00:26:30,890 --> 00:26:32,826 See? Can't be done. 498 00:26:33,927 --> 00:26:37,330 Very elegant. Quite clear. 499 00:26:37,364 --> 00:26:39,999 -There's just one problem. -Where? 500 00:26:40,330 --> 00:26:41,835 Next door. 501 00:26:41,868 --> 00:26:43,803 Alvarez did it. 502 00:26:43,837 --> 00:26:45,972 But then look... 503 00:26:46,600 --> 00:26:49,342 ...these fission pulses, they're massive. 504 00:26:49,376 --> 00:26:52,645 I've seen 30 of these in the past ten minutes. 505 00:26:52,679 --> 00:26:55,515 Theory will take you only so far. 506 00:26:57,170 --> 00:26:59,190 During the process... 507 00:26:59,520 --> 00:27:00,787 extra neutrons boil off, 508 00:27:00,820 --> 00:27:03,990 which could be used to split other uranium atoms. 509 00:27:04,240 --> 00:27:05,425 Chain reaction. 510 00:27:05,458 --> 00:27:07,930 You're thinkin' what I'm thinkin'. 511 00:27:07,127 --> 00:27:09,896 You, me, and every other physicist around the world 512 00:27:09,929 --> 00:27:11,431 who's seen the news. 513 00:27:12,132 --> 00:27:13,933 I'm... what? What are we all thinking? 514 00:27:13,967 --> 00:27:17,737 A bomb, Alvarez. 515 00:27:18,905 --> 00:27:20,607 A bomb. 516 00:27:20,640 --> 00:27:23,843 I told you, Robert, no more ****ing flowers. 517 00:27:25,445 --> 00:27:26,980 I don't understand what you want from me. 518 00:27:27,130 --> 00:27:28,782 I don't want anything from you. 519 00:27:29,783 --> 00:27:31,818 Well, you say that and then you call. 520 00:27:31,851 --> 00:27:34,454 Well, don't answer. 521 00:27:34,487 --> 00:27:36,489 I'll always answer. 522 00:27:41,761 --> 00:27:42,696 Fine. 523 00:27:42,729 --> 00:27:45,432 Just no more flowers. 524 00:27:46,466 --> 00:27:47,834 You're not coming? 525 00:27:49,200 --> 00:27:51,805 You have to know when you're beaten, Robert. 526 00:27:54,107 --> 00:27:55,842 It's not that simple, Hoke. 527 00:27:55,875 --> 00:27:58,440 Chevalier, good to see you. It's... 528 00:27:58,780 --> 00:27:59,412 Ah, Barbara, good to see you 529 00:27:59,446 --> 00:28:01,915 and the illustrious Dr. Oppenheimer. 530 00:28:01,948 --> 00:28:03,116 I'm Eltenton. 531 00:28:03,149 --> 00:28:04,517 -Oh, pleasure. -Please, please. 532 00:28:04,551 --> 00:28:05,719 Now, might you say a word 533 00:28:05,752 --> 00:28:08,488 about organized labor on campuses, yes? 534 00:28:08,521 --> 00:28:10,560 Coming through! Coming through! 535 00:28:10,900 --> 00:28:11,658 -F.A.E.C.T.! -I work at Shell. 536 00:28:11,691 --> 00:28:13,693 We've signed up chemists, we've signed up engineers, 537 00:28:13,727 --> 00:28:15,595 so why not scientists in academia? 538 00:28:15,628 --> 00:28:18,531 Oppie! Oppie! Oppie! 539 00:28:18,565 --> 00:28:21,835 Oppie! Oppie! Oppie! Oppie! 540 00:28:21,868 --> 00:28:23,503 Oppie! Oppie! 541 00:28:23,536 --> 00:28:26,439 Oppie! Oppie! Oppie! 542 00:28:29,609 --> 00:28:33,580 Teachers are unionized. Why not professors? 543 00:28:33,613 --> 00:28:35,480 Don't you have somewhere to be? 544 00:28:35,810 --> 00:28:36,916 Lawrence, academics have rights too. 545 00:28:36,950 --> 00:28:39,452 Look, it's not that. I've got a group coming. 546 00:28:39,486 --> 00:28:42,689 -Well, I'll sit in. -Not this one. 547 00:28:48,962 --> 00:28:50,630 Richard. Dr. Bush. 548 00:28:50,663 --> 00:28:52,732 What brings you two up north? 549 00:29:02,208 --> 00:29:03,576 Richard, you tell Ruth 550 00:29:03,610 --> 00:29:04,878 I'll be down to Pasadena Thursday. 551 00:29:13,887 --> 00:29:16,523 Your paper on black holes is in! 552 00:29:16,556 --> 00:29:18,525 Oppie! 553 00:29:18,558 --> 00:29:22,195 Where's Hartland? Get Hartland. Get Hartland. 554 00:29:22,228 --> 00:29:24,497 September 1st, 1939, 555 00:29:24,531 --> 00:29:26,766 the world's gonna remember this day. 556 00:29:27,701 --> 00:29:29,169 Oh, Hartland. Our paper, it's in print. 557 00:29:29,202 --> 00:29:31,938 You've been upstaged. 558 00:29:35,542 --> 00:29:38,780 During the Battle of Britain, I found myself 559 00:29:38,111 --> 00:29:40,847 increasingly out of sympathy with the 560 00:29:40,880 --> 00:29:43,883 policy of neutrality that Communists advocated. 561 00:29:43,917 --> 00:29:47,721 Right after Hitler invaded Russia and we became allies, 562 00:29:47,754 --> 00:29:49,789 these Communist sympathies, did they return? 563 00:29:49,823 --> 00:29:50,857 No. 564 00:29:51,991 --> 00:29:55,595 I need to make clear that my changing views on Russia 565 00:29:55,628 --> 00:29:56,863 did not mean a sharp break 566 00:29:56,896 --> 00:29:58,965 from those who held different views. 567 00:29:58,998 --> 00:30:01,568 For a year or two, and during a previous marriage, 568 00:30:01,601 --> 00:30:04,904 my wife Kitty had been a Communist Party member. 569 00:30:07,540 --> 00:30:08,875 Oop! 570 00:30:08,908 --> 00:30:10,710 This way. This is where I keep the good stuff. 571 00:30:10,744 --> 00:30:12,746 Well, I thought this was the Tolmans' house. 572 00:30:12,779 --> 00:30:14,981 I live with them while I'm at Caltech. 573 00:30:15,150 --> 00:30:16,516 Do you two need anything? 574 00:30:16,549 --> 00:30:18,180 We're good, Ruthie. 575 00:30:19,119 --> 00:30:21,755 So, you're a biologist. 576 00:30:21,788 --> 00:30:24,991 Well, somehow I have graduated to housewife. 577 00:30:25,250 --> 00:30:28,161 Can you explain quantum mechanics to me? 578 00:30:28,194 --> 00:30:29,229 Seems baffling. 579 00:30:29,262 --> 00:30:30,964 Yes, it is. 580 00:30:32,650 --> 00:30:34,868 Well, this glass, 581 00:30:34,901 --> 00:30:35,802 this drink... 582 00:30:35,835 --> 00:30:38,938 ...this countertop, 583 00:30:38,972 --> 00:30:42,750 uh, our bodies... 584 00:30:42,108 --> 00:30:44,100 all of it. 585 00:30:44,440 --> 00:30:46,613 It's mostly empty space. 586 00:30:46,646 --> 00:30:49,149 Groupings of tiny energy waves bound together. 587 00:30:49,182 --> 00:30:51,510 By what? 588 00:30:51,840 --> 00:30:54,654 Forces of attraction strong enough to convince us 589 00:30:54,688 --> 00:30:56,890 that matter is solid. 590 00:30:56,923 --> 00:31:00,600 Stop my body passing through yours. 591 00:31:11,805 --> 00:31:13,306 You're married to Dr. Harrison. 592 00:31:13,340 --> 00:31:15,750 Not very. 593 00:31:17,110 --> 00:31:20,814 There is someone that I feel... 594 00:31:20,847 --> 00:31:22,282 Does she feel the same way? 595 00:31:22,315 --> 00:31:26,152 Sometimes. Not enough. 596 00:31:27,354 --> 00:31:30,323 You know, I'm going to New Mexico. 597 00:31:30,357 --> 00:31:32,158 To my ranch, with friends. 598 00:31:32,192 --> 00:31:33,560 You should come. 599 00:31:34,361 --> 00:31:36,196 I meant with your husband. 600 00:31:36,229 --> 00:31:37,797 Yes, you did. 601 00:31:37,831 --> 00:31:40,734 'Cause you know it won't make a bit of difference. 602 00:31:44,704 --> 00:31:46,206 Why did you marry him? 603 00:31:46,239 --> 00:31:49,776 I was lost and he was kind. 604 00:31:51,945 --> 00:31:52,812 Lost? 605 00:31:52,846 --> 00:31:56,349 Well, my previous husband had died, and... 606 00:31:56,383 --> 00:31:58,818 at 28, I wasn't really ready to be a widow. 607 00:31:58,852 --> 00:32:00,854 -Who was your first husband? -Nobody. 608 00:32:00,887 --> 00:32:03,356 But my second husband was Joe Dallet. 609 00:32:03,390 --> 00:32:06,359 He was, um, from money, like me, but... 610 00:32:06,393 --> 00:32:09,329 he was a union organizer in Youngstown, Ohio. 611 00:32:09,362 --> 00:32:10,630 Fell hard. 612 00:32:10,663 --> 00:32:11,931 How hard? 613 00:32:11,965 --> 00:32:13,633 Hard enough to spend the next four years 614 00:32:13,666 --> 00:32:15,100 living off beans and pancakes, 615 00:32:15,350 --> 00:32:17,804 handing out the Daily Worker at factory gates. 616 00:32:17,837 --> 00:32:20,340 By 36, I just told Joe I couldn't take it anymore. 617 00:32:20,373 --> 00:32:22,242 Quit the Party and a year later, 618 00:32:22,275 --> 00:32:25,812 I wanted him back, so... Him, not the Daily Worker. 619 00:32:25,845 --> 00:32:27,981 And he said, "Swell, I'll meet you on my way to Spain." 620 00:32:28,140 --> 00:32:29,716 He went to fight for the Loyalists? 621 00:32:29,749 --> 00:32:31,851 And then he went to the brigades and I waited. 622 00:32:31,885 --> 00:32:32,952 And... 623 00:32:33,820 --> 00:32:35,188 Joe got himself killed 624 00:32:35,221 --> 00:32:37,624 first time he popped his head out of the trench. 625 00:32:38,958 --> 00:32:41,394 Ideology got Joe killed. For nothing. 626 00:32:41,428 --> 00:32:43,296 Spanish Republic isn't nothing. 627 00:32:43,329 --> 00:32:44,431 My husband offered both our futures 628 00:32:44,464 --> 00:32:45,932 to stop one fascist bullet 629 00:32:45,965 --> 00:32:48,134 from embedding itself in a mudbank. 630 00:32:49,350 --> 00:32:50,870 That's the definition of nothing. 631 00:32:50,904 --> 00:32:52,906 Seems a little reductive. 632 00:32:52,939 --> 00:32:54,674 Pragmatic. 633 00:32:54,708 --> 00:32:57,143 Now here I am. 634 00:32:59,379 --> 00:33:00,980 Wherever the hell this is. 635 00:33:09,556 --> 00:33:12,892 Least you didn't bring me flowers. 636 00:33:18,310 --> 00:33:21,601 We both know I'm not what you want, Jean. 637 00:33:22,635 --> 00:33:25,271 Yeah, but it's a door closing. 638 00:33:25,305 --> 00:33:26,706 No. 639 00:33:28,274 --> 00:33:30,643 Not as far as I'm concerned, no. 640 00:33:31,845 --> 00:33:33,580 You knocked her up, fast work. 641 00:33:33,613 --> 00:33:36,249 Can't keep a good man down. 642 00:33:36,282 --> 00:33:38,284 I meant her. 643 00:33:38,318 --> 00:33:40,320 She knew what she wanted. 644 00:33:40,353 --> 00:33:42,288 What about the husband? 645 00:33:42,322 --> 00:33:43,790 We talked, um, 646 00:33:43,823 --> 00:33:45,759 they're getting a divorce, so... 647 00:33:45,792 --> 00:33:49,562 we can get married before she starts showing. 648 00:33:49,596 --> 00:33:51,640 How civilized. 649 00:33:53,330 --> 00:33:54,134 You idiot. 650 00:33:54,167 --> 00:33:55,935 This is your community. 651 00:33:55,969 --> 00:33:58,905 You think the rules don't apply to the golden boy? 652 00:34:00,730 --> 00:34:01,708 Brilliance makes up for a lot. 653 00:34:01,741 --> 00:34:04,244 Don't alienate the only people in the world 654 00:34:04,277 --> 00:34:05,945 that understand what you do. 655 00:34:07,681 --> 00:34:09,490 One day you might need them. 656 00:34:09,820 --> 00:34:11,818 F.A.E.C.T.! 657 00:34:11,851 --> 00:34:13,530 The Federation of Architects, 658 00:34:13,860 --> 00:34:16,222 Engineers, Chemists and Technicians. 659 00:34:22,662 --> 00:34:25,198 Lomanitz, what do you get paid a month? 660 00:34:25,231 --> 00:34:26,366 That's not the point, Lawrence. 661 00:34:26,399 --> 00:34:28,702 What do any of you have in common 662 00:34:28,735 --> 00:34:31,338 with farm laborers and dock workers? 663 00:34:31,371 --> 00:34:32,939 Plenty. 664 00:34:34,700 --> 00:34:36,543 Everybody out. Now! 665 00:34:40,380 --> 00:34:41,781 Not you. 666 00:34:47,721 --> 00:34:48,688 What are you doing? 667 00:34:48,722 --> 00:34:50,390 It's a trade union. 668 00:34:50,423 --> 00:34:52,359 Filled with Communists. 669 00:34:52,392 --> 00:34:54,940 So? I haven't joined the Party. 670 00:34:54,127 --> 00:34:56,229 They won't let me bring you onto the project 671 00:34:56,262 --> 00:34:57,964 because of this shit. 672 00:34:57,997 --> 00:34:59,766 They won't even let me tell you what the project is. 673 00:34:59,799 --> 00:35:02,235 Oh. I know what the project is. 674 00:35:02,268 --> 00:35:03,336 Oh, really? 675 00:35:03,370 --> 00:35:04,671 We've all heard about Einstein 676 00:35:04,704 --> 00:35:05,972 and Szilard's letter to Roosevelt 677 00:35:06,600 --> 00:35:07,807 warning him the Germans could make a bomb, 678 00:35:07,841 --> 00:35:10,710 and I know what it means for the Nazis to have a bomb. 679 00:35:10,744 --> 00:35:12,112 Oh, and I don't? 680 00:35:12,145 --> 00:35:14,781 It's not your people they're herding into camps. 681 00:35:15,882 --> 00:35:16,883 It's mine. 682 00:35:16,916 --> 00:35:20,530 You think that I tell them about your politics. 683 00:35:21,154 --> 00:35:23,723 The next time you're coming home from a meeting, 684 00:35:23,757 --> 00:35:25,792 why don't you take a look in the rearview mirror? 685 00:35:25,825 --> 00:35:27,894 Listen to the sounds on your phone line 686 00:35:27,927 --> 00:35:30,997 and stop being so goddamn naive. 687 00:35:32,298 --> 00:35:33,833 Why would they care what I do? 688 00:35:33,867 --> 00:35:35,835 Because you're not just self-important, 689 00:35:35,869 --> 00:35:38,380 you're actually important. 690 00:35:39,272 --> 00:35:40,640 Okay. 691 00:35:41,274 --> 00:35:44,277 Okay. I get it. 692 00:35:44,310 --> 00:35:46,379 If you could just be a little more... 693 00:35:46,413 --> 00:35:47,914 Pragmatic. 694 00:35:47,947 --> 00:35:49,490 I'll talk to Lomanitz, I'll talk to the others, 695 00:35:49,820 --> 00:35:51,184 you don't have to worry. It's done. 696 00:35:51,217 --> 00:35:52,986 Lawrence. 697 00:35:57,824 --> 00:35:59,826 Then welcome to the war. 698 00:35:59,859 --> 00:36:02,162 I filled out my first security questionnaire 699 00:36:02,195 --> 00:36:03,463 and was informed 700 00:36:03,496 --> 00:36:05,298 that my involvement with left-wing groups 701 00:36:05,331 --> 00:36:09,269 would not prove a bar to my working on the atomic program. 702 00:36:09,302 --> 00:36:12,380 Why were his Communist associations 703 00:36:12,720 --> 00:36:15,175 not seen as a security risk during the war? 704 00:36:15,208 --> 00:36:16,943 Senator, I can't possibly answer 705 00:36:16,976 --> 00:36:20,313 for security clearance granted years before I ever met the man. 706 00:36:20,347 --> 00:36:22,349 Fine. What about after? 707 00:36:22,382 --> 00:36:24,317 After the war, Dr. Oppenheimer 708 00:36:24,351 --> 00:36:28,121 was the most respected scientific voice in the world. 709 00:36:28,154 --> 00:36:30,190 That's why I asked him to run the Institute, 710 00:36:30,223 --> 00:36:33,326 that's why he advised the Atomic Energy Commission. 711 00:36:33,360 --> 00:36:34,427 Simple as that. 712 00:36:34,461 --> 00:36:37,630 What are they accusing me of? 713 00:36:37,970 --> 00:36:38,865 I think they just want to know what happened 714 00:36:38,898 --> 00:36:41,401 between 1947 and 1954 to change your mind 715 00:36:41,434 --> 00:36:43,470 on Oppenheimer's security clearance. 716 00:36:43,503 --> 00:36:46,239 I didn't. I was chair of the AEC, 717 00:36:46,272 --> 00:36:49,843 but it wasn't me that brought the charges against Robert. 718 00:36:49,876 --> 00:36:51,111 -Who did? -Some former staff member 719 00:36:51,144 --> 00:36:53,790 of the Joint Congressional Committee. 720 00:36:53,113 --> 00:36:56,182 He was a rabid anti-Communist named Borden. 721 00:36:56,216 --> 00:36:58,518 He wrote to the FBI demanding they take action. 722 00:36:58,551 --> 00:37:01,870 The FBI? Why not go to the AEC, direct? 723 00:37:01,121 --> 00:37:03,823 Why get caught holding the knife yourself? 724 00:37:03,857 --> 00:37:06,292 What did Borden have against Oppenheimer? 725 00:37:06,326 --> 00:37:08,161 This was the McCarthy Era. 726 00:37:08,194 --> 00:37:13,990 People hounded out of jobs for any hint of red. And then, 727 00:37:13,133 --> 00:37:14,801 reading Oppenheimer's security file, 728 00:37:14,834 --> 00:37:17,300 his Communist brother, sister-in-law, 729 00:37:17,370 --> 00:37:19,105 fiancée, best friend, wife. 730 00:37:19,139 --> 00:37:21,474 That's before we even get to the Chevalier incident. 731 00:37:21,508 --> 00:37:25,245 But how would Borden have access to Oppenheimer's security file? 732 00:37:25,278 --> 00:37:26,946 Because somebody gave it to him. 733 00:37:28,114 --> 00:37:30,784 Somebody who wanted Robert silenced. 734 00:37:30,817 --> 00:37:32,419 -Who? -Who knows? 735 00:37:32,452 --> 00:37:34,988 Robert didn't take care not to upset 736 00:37:35,210 --> 00:37:37,257 the power brokers in Washington. 737 00:37:37,290 --> 00:37:40,160 His opinions on the atom became definitive 738 00:37:40,193 --> 00:37:43,960 and he wasn't always patient with us mere mortals. 739 00:37:46,499 --> 00:37:48,935 I came in for plenty of harsh treatment. 740 00:37:48,968 --> 00:37:52,138 There was an AEC vote 741 00:37:52,172 --> 00:37:54,140 on the export of isotopes to Norway, 742 00:37:54,174 --> 00:37:57,143 and they drafted in Robert to make me look like a fool. 743 00:37:57,177 --> 00:37:58,878 But, Dr. Oppenheimer, 744 00:37:58,912 --> 00:38:01,140 we've already heard from Admiral Strauss that 745 00:38:01,470 --> 00:38:03,883 these isotopes could be useful to our enemies 746 00:38:03,917 --> 00:38:05,218 in the production of atomic weapons. 747 00:38:05,251 --> 00:38:07,120 Congressmen, you could use a shovel 748 00:38:07,153 --> 00:38:08,588 in making atomic weapons. 749 00:38:08,621 --> 00:38:09,823 In fact, you do. 750 00:38:09,856 --> 00:38:11,391 You could use a bottle of beer 751 00:38:11,424 --> 00:38:12,826 in making atomic weapons. 752 00:38:12,859 --> 00:38:14,327 In fact, you do. 753 00:38:14,361 --> 00:38:17,297 I say isotopes are less useful than electronic components 754 00:38:17,330 --> 00:38:20,100 but more useful than a sandwich. 755 00:38:23,336 --> 00:38:25,205 Genius is no guarantee of wisdom. 756 00:38:26,206 --> 00:38:28,975 How could this man who saw so much be so blind? 757 00:38:38,485 --> 00:38:39,919 Kitty? 758 00:38:44,624 --> 00:38:46,559 Kitty? 759 00:38:46,593 --> 00:38:49,996 Kitty, the project... 760 00:38:50,964 --> 00:38:53,566 I'm in. I'm in. 761 00:38:53,600 --> 00:38:55,368 Let's celebrate. 762 00:39:01,700 --> 00:39:02,609 Shouldn't you go to him? 763 00:39:07,213 --> 00:39:10,383 I have been going to him all ****ing day. 764 00:39:34,140 --> 00:39:35,875 Come here, darling. 765 00:39:36,976 --> 00:39:38,545 I don't know how to say this. 766 00:39:38,578 --> 00:39:41,281 I'm... I'm ashamed to ask. 767 00:39:41,314 --> 00:39:43,249 Anything. 768 00:39:43,283 --> 00:39:44,840 Take Peter. 769 00:39:44,117 --> 00:39:47,153 -Sure. -No, for-for a while, Hoke. 770 00:39:47,187 --> 00:39:49,155 A while. 771 00:39:50,724 --> 00:39:52,525 Does Kitty know you're here? 772 00:39:52,559 --> 00:39:54,294 Yes, of course she knows. 773 00:39:55,161 --> 00:39:57,163 Of course she knows. 774 00:39:57,197 --> 00:40:00,900 We're awful people. Selfish, awful people. 775 00:40:02,402 --> 00:40:03,403 Forget I asked. 776 00:40:03,436 --> 00:40:05,271 Selfish, awful people, 777 00:40:05,305 --> 00:40:07,707 they don't know they're selfish and awful. 778 00:40:07,741 --> 00:40:10,310 Sit, sit, sit. 779 00:40:11,344 --> 00:40:15,448 Robert, you see beyond the world we live in. 780 00:40:17,150 --> 00:40:19,719 There is a price to be paid for that. 781 00:40:19,753 --> 00:40:21,321 Of course we'll help you. 782 00:40:32,265 --> 00:40:34,434 Everything's changing, Robert. 783 00:40:34,467 --> 00:40:36,436 Having a child was always going to change... 784 00:40:36,469 --> 00:40:40,573 No, the world, it's pivoting in some new direction. 785 00:40:40,607 --> 00:40:43,900 It's reforming. 786 00:40:44,778 --> 00:40:46,479 This is your moment. 787 00:40:47,647 --> 00:40:49,315 We're putting together a group to study feasibility... 788 00:40:49,349 --> 00:40:52,152 "We" shouldn't be doing anything. You should. 789 00:40:53,530 --> 00:40:55,188 Lawrence won't get this done. 790 00:40:55,221 --> 00:40:57,357 Or Tolman or Rabi. You will. 791 00:41:06,199 --> 00:41:08,334 Who are the uniforms? 792 00:41:09,135 --> 00:41:11,370 I thought you might know. 793 00:41:12,720 --> 00:41:14,341 Dr. Oppenheimer. 794 00:41:14,374 --> 00:41:16,343 I'm Colonel Groves. 795 00:41:16,376 --> 00:41:18,611 This is Lieutenant Colonel Nichols. 796 00:41:18,645 --> 00:41:20,146 Have that dry-cleaned. 797 00:41:26,520 --> 00:41:28,121 Well, if that's how you treat Lieutenant Colonel, 798 00:41:28,154 --> 00:41:31,524 I'd hate to see how you treat a humble physicist. 799 00:41:31,558 --> 00:41:33,626 Ah, if I ever meet one, I'll let you know. 800 00:41:33,660 --> 00:41:35,161 Ouch. 801 00:41:35,195 --> 00:41:36,763 Theaters of combat all over the world, 802 00:41:36,796 --> 00:41:38,732 but I have to stay in Washington. 803 00:41:38,765 --> 00:41:41,468 -Why? -I built the Pentagon. 804 00:41:41,501 --> 00:41:44,137 The brass likes it so much they made me take over 805 00:41:44,170 --> 00:41:46,306 the Manhattan Engineer District. 806 00:41:46,339 --> 00:41:47,474 Which is? 807 00:41:47,507 --> 00:41:50,777 Oh, don't be a smart ***. You know damn well what it is. 808 00:41:50,810 --> 00:41:52,512 You and half of every physics department 809 00:41:52,545 --> 00:41:55,382 across the country. That's problem number one. 810 00:41:55,415 --> 00:41:57,150 I thought problem number one would be 811 00:41:57,183 --> 00:41:58,451 securing enough uranium ore. 812 00:41:58,485 --> 00:42:01,588 1,200 tons bought the day I took charge. 813 00:42:01,621 --> 00:42:02,789 Processing? 814 00:42:02,822 --> 00:42:05,250 Just broke ground at Oak Ridge, Tennessee. 815 00:42:05,825 --> 00:42:07,527 Now I'm looking for a project director. 816 00:42:07,560 --> 00:42:09,662 And my name came up? 817 00:42:09,696 --> 00:42:10,764 Nope. 818 00:42:11,898 --> 00:42:14,134 Even though you brought quantum physics to America. 819 00:42:14,167 --> 00:42:15,535 Which made me curious. 820 00:42:15,568 --> 00:42:17,437 What have you found out? 821 00:42:18,338 --> 00:42:20,840 You're a dilettante, a womanizer, 822 00:42:20,874 --> 00:42:22,208 a suspected Communist... 823 00:42:22,242 --> 00:42:23,643 I'm a New Deal Democrat. 824 00:42:23,677 --> 00:42:25,278 I said "suspected." 825 00:42:25,311 --> 00:42:29,549 Unstable, theatrical, egotistical, neurotic... 826 00:42:29,582 --> 00:42:30,617 Nothing good, no? 827 00:42:30,650 --> 00:42:32,318 Not even "he's brilliant, but..." 828 00:42:32,352 --> 00:42:34,154 Well, brilliance is taken for granted 829 00:42:34,187 --> 00:42:35,689 in your circle, so no. 830 00:42:35,722 --> 00:42:37,691 No, the only person who had anything good to say 831 00:42:37,724 --> 00:42:39,459 was Richard Tolman. 832 00:42:39,492 --> 00:42:41,594 Tolman thinks you have integrity, 833 00:42:41,628 --> 00:42:43,763 but he also strikes me as a guy 834 00:42:43,797 --> 00:42:46,166 who knows more about science than people. 835 00:42:46,199 --> 00:42:50,170 Yet here you are. You don't take much on trust. 836 00:42:50,203 --> 00:42:52,205 I don't take anything on trust. 837 00:42:55,775 --> 00:42:57,510 Why don't you have a Nobel Prize? 838 00:42:57,544 --> 00:42:58,611 Why aren't you a general? 839 00:42:58,645 --> 00:42:59,813 They're making me one for this. 840 00:42:59,846 --> 00:43:01,214 Perhaps I'll have the same luck. 841 00:43:01,247 --> 00:43:02,849 A Nobel Prize for making a bomb? 842 00:43:02,882 --> 00:43:05,218 Alfred Nobel invented dynamite. 843 00:43:07,654 --> 00:43:09,289 So how would you proceed? 844 00:43:10,790 --> 00:43:13,493 You're talking about turning theory 845 00:43:13,526 --> 00:43:15,695 into a practical weapons system 846 00:43:15,729 --> 00:43:16,863 faster than the Nazis. 847 00:43:16,896 --> 00:43:18,631 Who have a 12-month head start. 848 00:43:18,665 --> 00:43:19,799 Eighteen. 849 00:43:19,833 --> 00:43:21,201 How could you possibly know that? 850 00:43:21,234 --> 00:43:23,269 Our fast neutron research took six months. 851 00:43:23,303 --> 00:43:24,804 The man they've undoubtedly put in charge 852 00:43:24,838 --> 00:43:26,239 will have made that leap instantly. 853 00:43:26,272 --> 00:43:27,474 Who do you think they put in charge? 854 00:43:27,507 --> 00:43:28,608 Werner Heisenberg. 855 00:43:28,641 --> 00:43:31,211 He has the most intuitive understanding 856 00:43:31,244 --> 00:43:32,912 of atomic structure I have ever seen. 857 00:43:32,946 --> 00:43:34,647 -You know his work? -I know him. 858 00:43:34,681 --> 00:43:36,516 Just like I know Walther Bothe, von Weizsäcker, Diebner. 859 00:43:36,549 --> 00:43:39,352 In a straight race, the Germans win. 860 00:43:39,386 --> 00:43:42,122 -We've got one hope. -Which is? 861 00:43:42,722 --> 00:43:44,357 Anti-Semitism. 862 00:43:45,492 --> 00:43:46,493 What? 863 00:43:46,526 --> 00:43:49,362 Hitler called quantum physics "Jewish science." 864 00:43:49,396 --> 00:43:51,231 Said it right to Einstein's face. 865 00:43:51,264 --> 00:43:54,501 Our one hope is that Hitler is so... so blinded by hate 866 00:43:54,534 --> 00:43:56,336 that he's denied Heisenberg proper resources, 867 00:43:56,369 --> 00:43:58,304 because it'll take vast resources. 868 00:43:58,338 --> 00:43:59,873 Our nation's best scientists working together. 869 00:43:59,906 --> 00:44:01,307 Right now, they're scattered. 870 00:44:01,341 --> 00:44:02,942 Which gives us compartmentalization. 871 00:44:02,976 --> 00:44:04,844 All minds have to see the whole task 872 00:44:04,878 --> 00:44:06,246 to contribute efficiently. 873 00:44:06,279 --> 00:44:08,515 Poor security may cost us the race. 874 00:44:08,548 --> 00:44:10,383 Inefficiency will. 875 00:44:10,417 --> 00:44:12,252 The Germans know more than us anyway. 876 00:44:12,285 --> 00:44:14,387 The Russians don't. 877 00:44:14,421 --> 00:44:18,358 Remind me, who are we at war with? 878 00:44:18,391 --> 00:44:20,827 Somebody with your past doesn't want to be seen 879 00:44:20,860 --> 00:44:22,462 downplaying the importance 880 00:44:22,495 --> 00:44:25,231 of security from our Communist allies. 881 00:44:25,265 --> 00:44:27,934 Point taken. But, no. 882 00:44:27,967 --> 00:44:30,270 You don't get to say "no" to me. 883 00:44:30,303 --> 00:44:32,572 It's my job to say "no" to you when you're wrong. 884 00:44:32,605 --> 00:44:34,607 So you have the job now? 885 00:44:34,641 --> 00:44:36,710 Uh, I'm considering it. 886 00:44:39,412 --> 00:44:41,748 I'm starting to see where you got your reputation. 887 00:44:42,949 --> 00:44:45,385 My favorite response, 888 00:44:45,418 --> 00:44:47,754 "Oppenheimer couldn't run a hamburger stand." 889 00:44:49,723 --> 00:44:50,523 I couldn't. 890 00:44:52,559 --> 00:44:54,728 But I can run the Manhattan Project. 891 00:44:55,595 --> 00:44:57,764 There's a way to balance these things. 892 00:44:57,797 --> 00:45:02,100 Keep the Rad Lab here at Berkeley under Lawrence. 893 00:45:02,350 --> 00:45:04,304 Met Lab in Chicago, under Szilard. 894 00:45:04,337 --> 00:45:06,773 Large-scale refining, where did you say? Tennessee. 895 00:45:06,806 --> 00:45:08,475 -And Hanford. -And Hanford. 896 00:45:08,508 --> 00:45:12,579 All America's industrial might and scientific innovation, 897 00:45:12,612 --> 00:45:13,980 connected by rail. 898 00:45:14,140 --> 00:45:15,682 Focused on one goal. 899 00:45:15,715 --> 00:45:18,418 One point in space and time. And it comes together here. 900 00:45:18,451 --> 00:45:20,754 A secret laboratory. In the middle of nowhere, 901 00:45:20,787 --> 00:45:22,255 secure, self-sufficient, 902 00:45:22,288 --> 00:45:23,656 equipment, housing, the works. 903 00:45:23,690 --> 00:45:25,859 Keep everyone there until it's done. 904 00:45:25,892 --> 00:45:27,927 It'll need a school, stores, a church. 905 00:45:27,961 --> 00:45:29,396 Why? 906 00:45:29,429 --> 00:45:30,730 If we don't let scientists 907 00:45:30,764 --> 00:45:32,465 bring their families, we'll never get the best. 908 00:45:32,499 --> 00:45:34,567 You want security, build a town, build it fast. 909 00:45:34,601 --> 00:45:35,668 Where? 910 00:45:39,673 --> 00:45:41,641 Welcome to Los Alamos. 911 00:45:41,675 --> 00:45:44,477 Now, there's a boys school we'll have to commandeer, 912 00:45:44,511 --> 00:45:46,479 and the local Indians come up here for burial rites. 913 00:45:46,513 --> 00:45:49,749 But, apart from that, nothing. Forty miles. Any direction. 914 00:45:49,783 --> 00:45:51,718 Enough to find the perfect spot. 915 00:45:51,751 --> 00:45:54,254 -For? -Success. 916 00:45:59,526 --> 00:46:01,528 Build him a town. Fast. 917 00:46:02,562 --> 00:46:05,650 Let's go recruit some scientists. 918 00:46:05,980 --> 00:46:07,434 Why would I leave my family? 919 00:46:07,467 --> 00:46:08,902 I told you, you can bring your family. 920 00:46:08,935 --> 00:46:10,370 I'm not a soldier, Oppie. 921 00:46:10,403 --> 00:46:12,505 A soldier? He's a general. 922 00:46:12,539 --> 00:46:14,374 I've got all the soldier I need. 923 00:46:14,407 --> 00:46:15,975 What can I tell them? 924 00:46:16,900 --> 00:46:18,345 Heisenberg, Diebner, Bothe and Bohr. 925 00:46:18,378 --> 00:46:19,679 What do these men have in common? 926 00:46:19,713 --> 00:46:21,715 The greatest minds on atomic theory. 927 00:46:21,748 --> 00:46:23,830 -Yes, and? -Uh... 928 00:46:23,116 --> 00:46:26,386 As much as you like, 929 00:46:26,419 --> 00:46:28,555 until you feel my boot on your balls. 930 00:46:28,588 --> 00:46:31,358 You know isotopes and you know explosives 931 00:46:31,391 --> 00:46:32,692 better than anyone in the world. 932 00:46:32,726 --> 00:46:35,328 But you can't tell us what you're doing? 933 00:46:38,398 --> 00:46:40,633 -I don't know. -The Nazis have them. 934 00:46:40,667 --> 00:46:42,802 -Niels Bohr's in Copenhagen. -Under Nazi occupation. 935 00:46:42,836 --> 00:46:44,704 Did they stop printing newspapers in Princeton? 936 00:46:44,738 --> 00:46:47,730 Why would we go to the middle of nowhere 937 00:46:47,107 --> 00:46:48,575 for who knows how long? 938 00:46:48,608 --> 00:46:50,710 For a year or two. Or three. 939 00:46:51,711 --> 00:46:55,315 Uh, General, could you give us a moment? 940 00:46:56,383 --> 00:46:59,452 It's about unleashing the strong force... 941 00:47:00,587 --> 00:47:01,988 ...before the Nazis do. 942 00:47:02,220 --> 00:47:03,957 Oh, my God. 943 00:47:03,990 --> 00:47:05,910 Niels won't work for the Nazis. 944 00:47:05,125 --> 00:47:06,426 No, never. 945 00:47:06,459 --> 00:47:08,762 But while they have him, we don't. 946 00:47:08,795 --> 00:47:09,963 That's why I need you. 947 00:47:09,996 --> 00:47:11,965 Why would you think I'd do that? 948 00:47:11,998 --> 00:47:13,833 "Why?" "Why?" 949 00:47:13,867 --> 00:47:16,690 How about because this is the most important ****ing thing 950 00:47:16,102 --> 00:47:18,104 to ever happen in the history of the world. 951 00:47:18,138 --> 00:47:19,572 How about that? 952 00:47:20,140 --> 00:47:21,574 ****. 953 00:47:26,513 --> 00:47:28,882 They are not gonna let me onto this project. 954 00:47:28,915 --> 00:47:30,984 And failing a security check is not gonna be good 955 00:47:31,170 --> 00:47:32,686 for a career, even after the war. 956 00:47:32,719 --> 00:47:35,488 So you're a fellow traveler. So what? 957 00:47:35,522 --> 00:47:36,890 This is a national emergency. 958 00:47:36,923 --> 00:47:40,930 I've got some skeletons, they put me in charge. 959 00:47:40,126 --> 00:47:41,428 They need us. 960 00:47:41,461 --> 00:47:43,630 Until they don't. 961 00:47:46,700 --> 00:47:49,102 Is there any chance of getting Bohr out of Denmark? 962 00:47:49,135 --> 00:47:52,138 Nah, no dice. I checked with the British. 963 00:47:52,172 --> 00:47:54,474 Until we get Allied boots back onto the continent, 964 00:47:54,507 --> 00:47:55,909 there's just no way. 965 00:47:57,444 --> 00:47:58,878 Is he that important? 966 00:47:58,912 --> 00:48:01,948 How many people do you know who proved Einstein wrong? 967 00:48:03,160 --> 00:48:05,118 You know, it really would be quicker to take a plane. 968 00:48:05,151 --> 00:48:06,886 No, plane's too risky. 969 00:48:06,920 --> 00:48:09,389 Country needs us. 970 00:48:11,758 --> 00:48:12,859 The Harvard guys, 971 00:48:12,892 --> 00:48:15,462 they say the building's too small for the cyclotron. 972 00:48:17,697 --> 00:48:19,599 Get them together with the architects. 973 00:48:22,802 --> 00:48:24,804 When's this place supposed to open? 974 00:48:27,907 --> 00:48:28,708 Two months. 975 00:48:29,843 --> 00:48:32,112 Robert, you're the great improviser, 976 00:48:32,145 --> 00:48:34,180 but this... 977 00:48:34,214 --> 00:48:35,815 you can't do in your head. 978 00:48:36,850 --> 00:48:38,451 Four divisions. 979 00:48:39,586 --> 00:48:43,189 Experimental, Theoretical, Metallurgical, Ordnance. 980 00:48:43,223 --> 00:48:44,190 Who's running Theoretical? 981 00:48:44,224 --> 00:48:45,625 I am. 982 00:48:45,658 --> 00:48:46,860 That's what I was afraid of. 983 00:48:46,893 --> 00:48:48,762 You're spread too thin. 984 00:48:49,963 --> 00:48:51,664 So you take Theoretical. 985 00:48:54,234 --> 00:48:57,470 I'm not coming here, Robert. 986 00:49:03,109 --> 00:49:04,778 Why not? 987 00:49:10,650 --> 00:49:14,721 You drop a bomb and it falls on the just and the unjust. 988 00:49:15,989 --> 00:49:18,625 I don't wish the culmination of three centuries of physics 989 00:49:18,658 --> 00:49:21,610 to be a weapon of mass destruction. 990 00:49:30,270 --> 00:49:31,604 Izzy. 991 00:49:32,739 --> 00:49:36,876 I don't know if we can be trusted with such a weapon. 992 00:49:38,244 --> 00:49:41,548 But I know the Nazis can't. 993 00:49:44,951 --> 00:49:47,754 We have no choice. 994 00:49:49,155 --> 00:49:50,590 Then... 995 00:49:51,925 --> 00:49:54,294 ...the second thing you'll have to do is appoint 996 00:49:54,327 --> 00:49:56,596 Hans Bethe to run the Theoretical division. 997 00:49:58,965 --> 00:50:00,800 Wait, what was the first? 998 00:50:00,834 --> 00:50:03,303 Take off that ridiculous uniform. 999 00:50:03,336 --> 00:50:04,537 You're a scientist. 1000 00:50:04,571 --> 00:50:06,172 Groves is insisting we join. 1001 00:50:06,206 --> 00:50:08,641 Tell Groves to go shit in his hat. 1002 00:50:08,675 --> 00:50:12,145 They need us for who we are. So be yourself. 1003 00:50:12,178 --> 00:50:14,147 Only better. 1004 00:50:53,186 --> 00:50:55,221 This is the only key. 1005 00:50:55,255 --> 00:50:56,690 And Teller's already here. 1006 00:50:56,723 --> 00:50:58,591 Shall I just show him in? 1007 00:50:58,625 --> 00:51:00,293 No, let's wait for the others. 1008 00:51:08,234 --> 00:51:09,235 Let's get started. 1009 00:51:09,269 --> 00:51:11,338 Hello, Edward. 1010 00:51:11,371 --> 00:51:13,730 Yes. 1011 00:51:13,106 --> 00:51:14,808 Gentlemen, so, we will work here 1012 00:51:14,841 --> 00:51:17,844 until the T-section at Los Alamos is finished. 1013 00:51:17,877 --> 00:51:20,180 -Edward, can I please... -It is more important. 1014 00:51:22,248 --> 00:51:24,217 When I calculated the chain reaction, 1015 00:51:24,250 --> 00:51:26,953 I found a rather troubling possibility. 1016 00:51:26,986 --> 00:51:29,890 No. 1017 00:51:29,122 --> 00:51:30,357 But this can't be right. 1018 00:51:30,390 --> 00:51:32,325 Show me how you did your calculations. 1019 00:51:32,359 --> 00:51:33,760 Yes. 1020 00:51:37,263 --> 00:51:38,331 It's exponential. 1021 00:51:38,365 --> 00:51:40,834 No. No, no, no. No. 1022 00:51:43,370 --> 00:51:45,372 This is fantasy. 1023 00:51:45,405 --> 00:51:47,674 Teller's calculations can't be right. 1024 00:51:47,707 --> 00:51:50,377 Do them yourself while I go to Princeton. 1025 00:51:50,410 --> 00:51:52,245 -What for? -To talk to Einstein. 1026 00:51:52,278 --> 00:51:54,848 Well, there's not much common ground between you two. 1027 00:51:54,881 --> 00:51:57,917 That's why I should get his view. 1028 00:52:01,354 --> 00:52:03,356 -Albert. -Hmm? 1029 00:52:03,390 --> 00:52:06,292 Ah. Dr. Oppenheimer. 1030 00:52:06,326 --> 00:52:07,794 Well, have you met Dr. Gödel? 1031 00:52:07,827 --> 00:52:09,396 We walk here most days. 1032 00:52:09,429 --> 00:52:14,234 Trees are the most inspiring structures. 1033 00:52:14,267 --> 00:52:15,735 Albert, might I have a word? 1034 00:52:15,769 --> 00:52:19,172 Of course. 'Scuse me, Kurt. 1035 00:52:20,173 --> 00:52:23,109 You know, some days, Kurt refuses to eat. 1036 00:52:23,143 --> 00:52:24,744 Even in Princeton. 1037 00:52:24,778 --> 00:52:27,881 He's convinced that the Nazis can poison his food. 1038 00:52:27,914 --> 00:52:29,182 Mm. 1039 00:52:29,215 --> 00:52:31,510 Hmm? Huh. 1040 00:52:32,919 --> 00:52:34,754 Wha... 1041 00:52:39,292 --> 00:52:42,128 Whose... Whose work is this? 1042 00:52:42,162 --> 00:52:43,196 Teller's. 1043 00:52:44,330 --> 00:52:46,800 What do you take it to mean? 1044 00:52:46,833 --> 00:52:48,768 Neutrons smash into nucleus, 1045 00:52:48,802 --> 00:52:52,839 releasing neutrons to smash into other nuclei. 1046 00:52:52,872 --> 00:52:55,750 Criticality, a point of no return, 1047 00:52:55,108 --> 00:52:56,710 massive explosive force. 1048 00:52:56,743 --> 00:52:59,790 But this time, the chain reaction doesn't stop. 1049 00:52:59,979 --> 00:53:02,949 It would ignite the atmosphere. 1050 00:53:04,170 --> 00:53:05,985 When we detonate an atomic device, 1051 00:53:06,190 --> 00:53:08,188 we might start a chain reaction that... 1052 00:53:09,155 --> 00:53:10,690 ...destroys the world. 1053 00:53:11,858 --> 00:53:13,760 So here we are, hmm? 1054 00:53:13,793 --> 00:53:18,980 Lost in your quantum world of probabilities 1055 00:53:18,131 --> 00:53:19,866 and needing certainty. 1056 00:53:19,899 --> 00:53:22,769 Can you run the calculations yourself? 1057 00:53:22,802 --> 00:53:24,204 About the only thing 1058 00:53:24,237 --> 00:53:27,507 you and I have in common is a disdain for mathematics. 1059 00:53:27,540 --> 00:53:30,110 Who's working on this in-in Berkeley? 1060 00:53:30,143 --> 00:53:31,444 Hans Bethe. 1061 00:53:31,478 --> 00:53:33,313 Well, he'll get to the truth. 1062 00:53:34,948 --> 00:53:37,817 And if the truth is catastrophic? 1063 00:53:37,851 --> 00:53:39,152 Then you stop. 1064 00:53:39,185 --> 00:53:42,922 And you share your findings with the Nazis. 1065 00:53:42,956 --> 00:53:46,920 So neither side destroys the world. 1066 00:53:49,295 --> 00:53:50,330 Robert. 1067 00:53:51,798 --> 00:53:55,100 This is yours, not mine. 1068 00:54:07,881 --> 00:54:09,282 Teller's wrong. 1069 00:54:09,315 --> 00:54:10,517 He's wrong. 1070 00:54:20,193 --> 00:54:22,896 When you know Teller's critical assumptions, 1071 00:54:22,929 --> 00:54:24,264 the real picture emerges. 1072 00:54:24,297 --> 00:54:26,990 Bottom line? 1073 00:54:26,132 --> 00:54:28,234 The chances of an uncontrolled nuclear reaction 1074 00:54:28,268 --> 00:54:29,269 are near zero. 1075 00:54:29,302 --> 00:54:31,938 Near zero. 1076 00:54:31,971 --> 00:54:34,240 -Oppie, this is good news. -Mm. 1077 00:54:35,575 --> 00:54:36,810 Can you run them again? 1078 00:54:36,843 --> 00:54:38,578 No, you'll get the same answer. 1079 00:54:38,611 --> 00:54:40,180 Till they actually detonate one of these things, 1080 00:54:40,213 --> 00:54:43,490 the best assurance you're going to get is this. 1081 00:54:43,830 --> 00:54:44,150 Near zero. 1082 00:54:46,353 --> 00:54:49,220 Theory will take you only so far. 1083 00:54:49,550 --> 00:54:50,557 -Mm. -Hello! 1084 00:54:50,590 --> 00:54:51,891 -Hello, you. -Hi. 1085 00:54:51,925 --> 00:54:53,259 We missed him. 1086 00:54:53,293 --> 00:54:54,427 You want to adopt? 1087 00:54:54,461 --> 00:54:55,862 She's kidding. 1088 00:54:55,895 --> 00:54:57,831 We wanted to see you before we left. 1089 00:54:57,864 --> 00:55:01,340 For parts unknown. 1090 00:55:01,670 --> 00:55:03,603 You know who I ran into the other day? 1091 00:55:03,636 --> 00:55:05,271 Eltenton. 1092 00:55:05,305 --> 00:55:06,573 Oh. 1093 00:55:06,606 --> 00:55:08,308 The chemist from Shell? The union guy? 1094 00:55:08,341 --> 00:55:12,212 Yeah. He... The, uh, F.A.E.C.T. guy. 1095 00:55:12,245 --> 00:55:15,615 He was moaning about how we're handling the war. 1096 00:55:15,648 --> 00:55:17,851 How so? 1097 00:55:17,884 --> 00:55:20,620 Lack of cooperation with our allies. 1098 00:55:20,653 --> 00:55:22,989 Apparently our government's not sharing 1099 00:55:23,230 --> 00:55:25,125 any research with the Russians. 1100 00:55:25,158 --> 00:55:26,126 Well, he said, 1101 00:55:26,159 --> 00:55:28,895 "Most scientists think the policy is stupid." 1102 00:55:32,232 --> 00:55:34,670 -Oh, yeah? -Yeah. 1103 00:55:34,100 --> 00:55:36,469 He mentioned that if anyone 1104 00:55:36,503 --> 00:55:39,472 had anything they wanted to pass on, 1105 00:55:39,506 --> 00:55:41,341 uh, going around official channels, 1106 00:55:41,374 --> 00:55:43,309 that he could help. 1107 00:55:51,951 --> 00:55:53,620 That would be treason. 1108 00:55:53,653 --> 00:55:56,489 Yes, of course. 1109 00:55:56,523 --> 00:55:58,324 I just thought you should know. 1110 00:56:01,461 --> 00:56:02,929 The brat is down. 1111 00:56:02,962 --> 00:56:04,330 Where are the martinis? 1112 00:56:09,536 --> 00:56:11,370 Coming right up. 1113 00:56:11,710 --> 00:56:12,539 Conversation ended there. 1114 00:56:12,572 --> 00:56:14,674 Nothing in our long-standing friendship 1115 00:56:14,708 --> 00:56:16,276 would have led me to believe 1116 00:56:16,309 --> 00:56:19,450 that Chevalier was actually seeking information, 1117 00:56:19,790 --> 00:56:21,548 and I am certain that he had no idea 1118 00:56:21,581 --> 00:56:23,883 of the work in which I was engaged. 1119 00:56:28,421 --> 00:56:30,390 It has long been clear to me 1120 00:56:30,423 --> 00:56:33,126 that I should have reported this incident at once. 1121 00:56:33,159 --> 00:56:34,661 The Oppenheimer situation 1122 00:56:34,694 --> 00:56:37,597 highlights the tension between scientists 1123 00:56:37,630 --> 00:56:39,232 and the security apparatus. 1124 00:56:39,265 --> 00:56:41,134 In hopes of learning how the nominee handled 1125 00:56:41,167 --> 00:56:43,503 such issues during his time at the AEC, 1126 00:56:43,536 --> 00:56:47,400 we'll have a scientist appearing before the committee. 1127 00:56:47,707 --> 00:56:49,275 Who are they bringing in? 1128 00:56:49,309 --> 00:56:50,276 They hadn't said. 1129 00:56:50,310 --> 00:56:51,678 Mr. Chairman, if I may, 1130 00:56:51,711 --> 00:56:54,247 I'm nominated for Commerce Secretary. 1131 00:56:54,280 --> 00:56:56,583 Why seek the opinion of scientists? 1132 00:56:56,616 --> 00:56:58,952 This is a Cabinet post, Admiral. 1133 00:56:58,985 --> 00:57:01,154 We seek a wide range of opinion. 1134 00:57:01,187 --> 00:57:03,990 Well, I'd like to know the name of the scientist testifying. 1135 00:57:04,240 --> 00:57:05,525 I'd like the chance to cross-examine. 1136 00:57:05,558 --> 00:57:07,694 This is not a court. 1137 00:57:07,727 --> 00:57:10,130 Formality, huh? 1138 00:57:10,163 --> 00:57:11,431 No presidential Cabinet nominee 1139 00:57:11,464 --> 00:57:14,340 has failed to be confirmed since 1925. 1140 00:57:14,670 --> 00:57:16,169 This is just how the game is played. 1141 00:57:16,202 --> 00:57:17,504 It's in the bag, Lewis. 1142 00:57:17,537 --> 00:57:18,738 So play nice. 1143 00:57:18,772 --> 00:57:21,410 They bring in a scientist, so what? 1144 00:57:21,740 --> 00:57:23,760 You don't know scientists like I do, Counselor. 1145 00:57:23,109 --> 00:57:25,145 They resent anyone who questions their judgment, 1146 00:57:25,178 --> 00:57:27,180 especially if you're not one of them. 1147 00:57:27,213 --> 00:57:28,515 I was chair of the AEC. 1148 00:57:28,548 --> 00:57:30,984 I'm easy to blame for what happened to Robert. 1149 00:57:31,170 --> 00:57:32,318 We can't have the Senate thinking 1150 00:57:32,352 --> 00:57:35,455 the scientific community doesn't support you, sir. 1151 00:57:35,488 --> 00:57:37,323 Or should we pivot? 1152 00:57:37,357 --> 00:57:39,325 -To what? -And embrace it. 1153 00:57:39,359 --> 00:57:42,128 "I fought Oppenheimer, and the US won." 1154 00:57:42,162 --> 00:57:43,730 I-I don't think we need to go there. 1155 00:57:43,763 --> 00:57:46,320 Isn't there someone we can call who knows what really happened? 1156 00:57:46,660 --> 00:57:47,500 -Teller. -He'll make an impression. 1157 00:57:47,534 --> 00:57:49,602 Can you get the name of the scientist they've called? 1158 00:57:49,636 --> 00:57:51,204 -Probably. -Find out if he was 1159 00:57:51,237 --> 00:57:53,606 based in Chicago or Los Alamos during the war. 1160 00:57:53,640 --> 00:57:55,800 Why does that matter? 1161 00:57:55,410 --> 00:57:56,242 Well, if he was based in Chicago, 1162 00:57:56,276 --> 00:57:57,677 then he worked under Szilard and Fermi, 1163 00:57:57,711 --> 00:58:00,130 not the cult of Oppie at Los Alamos. 1164 00:58:00,460 --> 00:58:01,281 Robert built that damn place. 1165 00:58:01,314 --> 00:58:04,840 He was founder, mayor, sheriff, 1166 00:58:04,117 --> 00:58:05,518 all rolled into one. 1167 00:58:18,465 --> 00:58:20,266 All it needs is a saloon. 1168 00:58:48,695 --> 00:58:51,264 There's no kitchen. 1169 00:58:51,297 --> 00:58:55,235 Really? We'll fix that. 1170 00:59:01,141 --> 00:59:04,544 Barbed wire, guns. 1171 00:59:04,577 --> 00:59:05,679 Oppie. 1172 00:59:05,712 --> 00:59:07,347 We're at war, Hans. 1173 00:59:09,749 --> 00:59:12,318 Halifax. 1917. 1174 00:59:12,352 --> 00:59:15,321 A cargo ship carrying munitions explodes in the harbor. 1175 00:59:17,724 --> 00:59:20,660 A vast and sudden chemical reaction. 1176 00:59:24,330 --> 00:59:27,167 The biggest man-made explosion in history. 1177 00:59:27,200 --> 00:59:29,169 Now let's calculate how much more destructive 1178 00:59:29,202 --> 00:59:31,871 it would have been if it were a nuclear 1179 00:59:31,905 --> 00:59:33,573 and not a chemical reaction. 1180 00:59:33,606 --> 00:59:37,243 Expressing power in terms of tons of TNT. 1181 00:59:37,277 --> 00:59:38,778 But it will be thousands. 1182 00:59:38,812 --> 00:59:42,248 Well, then kilotons. 1183 00:59:45,819 --> 00:59:49,189 Using U-235, 1184 00:59:49,222 --> 00:59:51,791 -the bomb will need a... -Uh-uh. 1185 00:59:51,825 --> 00:59:54,894 Sorry. Gadget will need a 33-pound sphere 1186 00:59:54,928 --> 00:59:56,396 about this size. 1187 00:59:56,429 --> 01:00:00,233 Or using plutonium, the ten-pound sphere. 1188 01:00:01,634 --> 01:00:02,869 Here's the amount of uranium 1189 01:00:02,902 --> 01:00:06,239 Oak Ridge refined all of last month. 1190 01:00:08,641 --> 01:00:12,645 And the Hanford plant made this much plutonium. 1191 01:00:13,780 --> 01:00:16,883 Now, if we can enrich these amounts, 1192 01:00:16,916 --> 01:00:19,719 we need a way to detonate them. 1193 01:00:19,753 --> 01:00:21,855 Are we boring you, Edward? 1194 01:00:21,888 --> 01:00:23,490 A little bit, yes. 1195 01:00:23,523 --> 01:00:24,758 May I ask why? 1196 01:00:24,791 --> 01:00:26,226 We all entered this room 1197 01:00:26,259 --> 01:00:28,194 knowing a fission bomb was possible. 1198 01:00:28,228 --> 01:00:30,830 How 'bout we leave it with something new? 1199 01:00:30,864 --> 01:00:31,865 Such as? 1200 01:00:31,898 --> 01:00:34,634 Instead of uranium or plutonium, 1201 01:00:34,667 --> 01:00:35,668 we use hydrogen. 1202 01:00:37,237 --> 01:00:38,838 -Heavy hydrogen. -Hydrogen. 1203 01:00:38,872 --> 01:00:41,641 Deuterium. You see? 1204 01:00:41,675 --> 01:00:43,376 We compact the atoms together 1205 01:00:43,410 --> 01:00:46,479 under great pressure to induce a fusion reaction. 1206 01:00:47,414 --> 01:00:50,250 Then we'll get not kilotons, 1207 01:00:50,283 --> 01:00:51,351 but megatons. 1208 01:00:51,384 --> 01:00:52,318 A big fission reaction... 1209 01:00:52,352 --> 01:00:53,920 Okay, hang on, hang on. 1210 01:00:53,953 --> 01:00:58,658 So how do you generate enough force to fuse hydrogen atoms? 1211 01:00:58,692 --> 01:01:00,760 A small fission bomb. 1212 01:01:00,794 --> 01:01:02,495 There we are. 1213 01:01:04,431 --> 01:01:06,232 Well, since we're going to need one anyway, 1214 01:01:06,266 --> 01:01:08,234 can we get back to the business at hand? 1215 01:01:08,268 --> 01:01:09,602 The isotopes issue 1216 01:01:09,636 --> 01:01:13,273 wasn't your most important policy disagreement 1217 01:01:13,306 --> 01:01:14,941 with Dr. Oppenheimer. 1218 01:01:14,974 --> 01:01:17,377 It was the hydrogen bomb, wasn't it? 1219 01:01:17,410 --> 01:01:20,280 Uh, as colleagues, we agreed to disagree 1220 01:01:20,313 --> 01:01:22,315 on a great many things, uh, 1221 01:01:22,349 --> 01:01:23,583 and, well, one of them 1222 01:01:23,616 --> 01:01:26,686 was the need for an H-bomb program, yes. 1223 01:01:39,532 --> 01:01:42,302 Thanks for convening on short notice. 1224 01:01:42,335 --> 01:01:43,803 I can't believe it. 1225 01:01:44,804 --> 01:01:46,339 Well, here we are. 1226 01:01:46,373 --> 01:01:48,375 Catch me up. What do we know? 1227 01:01:48,408 --> 01:01:50,910 One of our B-29s over the North Pacific 1228 01:01:50,944 --> 01:01:52,445 has detected radiation. 1229 01:01:52,479 --> 01:01:54,247 Do we have the filter papers? 1230 01:01:54,280 --> 01:01:56,282 There's no doubt what this is. 1231 01:01:56,316 --> 01:01:57,517 White House says there's a doubt. 1232 01:01:57,550 --> 01:01:58,985 Wishful thinking, I'm afraid. 1233 01:01:59,190 --> 01:02:01,721 Are those the long-range detection filter papers? 1234 01:02:02,655 --> 01:02:04,724 It's an atomic test. 1235 01:02:07,360 --> 01:02:08,762 The Russians have a bomb. 1236 01:02:08,795 --> 01:02:12,532 We're supposed to be years ahead of them, but some... 1237 01:02:12,565 --> 01:02:14,868 What were you guys doing at Los Alamos? 1238 01:02:14,901 --> 01:02:16,360 Wasn't security tight? 1239 01:02:16,690 --> 01:02:17,570 Of course it was. You weren't there. 1240 01:02:17,604 --> 01:02:20,600 -It was... -Forgive me, Doctor... 1241 01:02:20,400 --> 01:02:22,475 but I was there. 1242 01:02:23,543 --> 01:02:24,878 We can now consider 1243 01:02:24,911 --> 01:02:26,846 the actual mechanics of detonation. 1244 01:02:26,880 --> 01:02:28,140 Any ideas? 1245 01:02:28,480 --> 01:02:29,783 I call this "shooting." 1246 01:02:29,816 --> 01:02:33,353 We fire a chunk of fissionable material into a larger sphere 1247 01:02:33,386 --> 01:02:35,889 with enough force to achieve criticality. 1248 01:02:35,922 --> 01:02:37,590 What do we think? Anyone? 1249 01:02:37,624 --> 01:02:39,426 I've been thinking about implosion. 1250 01:02:39,459 --> 01:02:41,428 Explosives around the sphere blast inwards, 1251 01:02:41,461 --> 01:02:43,496 crushing the material. 1252 01:02:43,530 --> 01:02:45,465 I'd like to investigate that idea. 1253 01:02:45,498 --> 01:02:47,801 I'll talk to Ordnance, get you blowing things up. 1254 01:02:48,802 --> 01:02:49,903 Progress? 1255 01:02:49,936 --> 01:02:51,771 Nice to see you too. 1256 01:02:51,805 --> 01:02:53,573 Meet the British contingent. 1257 01:02:53,606 --> 01:02:55,442 Dr. Oppenheimer, Klaus Fuchs. 1258 01:02:55,475 --> 01:02:57,344 How long have you been British? 1259 01:02:57,377 --> 01:02:58,578 Since Hitler told me I wasn't German. 1260 01:02:58,611 --> 01:03:02,415 Uh-huh. Come, welcome to Los Alamos. 1261 01:03:02,449 --> 01:03:04,317 School's up and running. 1262 01:03:04,351 --> 01:03:06,653 Bar. Always running. 1263 01:03:06,686 --> 01:03:09,689 And I thought of a way to reduce support staff. 1264 01:03:10,657 --> 01:03:12,659 -Is that... -Mrs. Serber, yes. 1265 01:03:12,692 --> 01:03:14,940 I've offered jobs to all the wives. 1266 01:03:14,127 --> 01:03:15,595 Admin, librarians, computation. 1267 01:03:15,628 --> 01:03:17,931 We cut down on staff, keep families together. 1268 01:03:17,964 --> 01:03:20,533 -Are these women qualified? -Don't be absurd. 1269 01:03:20,567 --> 01:03:22,936 These are some of the brightest minds in our community. 1270 01:03:22,969 --> 01:03:24,537 And they're already security cleared. 1271 01:03:24,571 --> 01:03:26,439 I've informed General Groves you've been holding 1272 01:03:26,473 --> 01:03:27,941 cross-divisional open discussions 1273 01:03:27,974 --> 01:03:29,676 -on a nightly basis. -Shut them down. 1274 01:03:29,709 --> 01:03:32,450 Compartmentalization is the key to maintaining security... 1275 01:03:32,780 --> 01:03:33,580 It's only the top men. 1276 01:03:33,613 --> 01:03:35,448 Who presumably communicate with subordinates. 1277 01:03:35,482 --> 01:03:36,683 These men aren't stupid. 1278 01:03:36,716 --> 01:03:38,551 -They can be discreet. -I don't like it. 1279 01:03:38,585 --> 01:03:41,488 You don't like anything enough for that to be a fair test. 1280 01:03:47,270 --> 01:03:49,562 Once a week. Top men only. 1281 01:03:49,596 --> 01:03:50,964 I'd like to bring my brother here. 1282 01:03:50,997 --> 01:03:52,465 No. 1283 01:03:53,990 --> 01:03:54,868 Uh, Nichols... 1284 01:03:56,200 --> 01:03:57,937 I still haven't heard that my security clearance 1285 01:03:57,971 --> 01:03:59,539 -has been approved. -It hasn't. 1286 01:03:59,572 --> 01:04:00,940 We're going to Chicago tomorrow. 1287 01:04:00,974 --> 01:04:02,800 No, you should wait. 1288 01:04:03,209 --> 01:04:04,310 You are aware that the Nazis have a two-year head start. 1289 01:04:04,344 --> 01:04:07,414 Dr. Oppenheimer, the fact that your security clearance 1290 01:04:07,447 --> 01:04:09,449 is proving difficult to obtain is not my fault. 1291 01:04:09,482 --> 01:04:10,750 It's yours. 1292 01:04:10,784 --> 01:04:12,719 May not be your fault, but it's your problem. 1293 01:04:12,752 --> 01:04:13,753 Because I'm going. 1294 01:04:13,787 --> 01:04:17,557 And how many people were in these, uh, 1295 01:04:17,590 --> 01:04:19,793 -open discussions? -Too many. 1296 01:04:19,826 --> 01:04:21,161 Compartmentalization was supposed to be the protocol. 1297 01:04:21,194 --> 01:04:23,129 We were in a race against the Nazis. 1298 01:04:23,163 --> 01:04:25,598 And now the race is against the Soviets. 1299 01:04:25,632 --> 01:04:27,133 -Not unless we start it. -Robert. 1300 01:04:27,167 --> 01:04:30,570 They just fired a starting gun. 1301 01:04:30,603 --> 01:04:32,572 What's the nature of the device they detonated? 1302 01:04:32,605 --> 01:04:34,140 The data indicates it may have been 1303 01:04:34,174 --> 01:04:36,476 a plutonium implosion device. 1304 01:04:36,509 --> 01:04:39,612 Like the one you built at Los Alamos. 1305 01:04:39,646 --> 01:04:41,481 The Russians have a bomb, 1306 01:04:41,514 --> 01:04:42,782 Truman needs to know what's next. 1307 01:04:42,816 --> 01:04:44,617 What's next? Arms talks. 1308 01:04:44,651 --> 01:04:46,519 -Arms talks. -Obviously. 1309 01:04:47,454 --> 01:04:48,655 What about the Super? 1310 01:04:48,688 --> 01:04:50,423 Does Truman even know about it? 1311 01:04:50,457 --> 01:04:52,459 Did we brief him on that? 1312 01:04:52,492 --> 01:04:53,560 Not specifically. 1313 01:04:53,593 --> 01:04:54,894 We still don't know 1314 01:04:54,928 --> 01:04:56,696 if a hydrogen bomb's technically feasible. 1315 01:04:56,730 --> 01:04:58,631 Right, my understanding is that Teller proposed it? 1316 01:04:58,665 --> 01:05:00,500 -Yes. -At Los Alamos? 1317 01:05:00,533 --> 01:05:02,168 Teller's designs have always been wildly impractical. 1318 01:05:02,202 --> 01:05:04,537 You'd have to deliver by ox cart. 1319 01:05:04,571 --> 01:05:05,839 -Not airplane. -Oppie. 1320 01:05:05,872 --> 01:05:09,576 I'm sorry, Dr. Lawrence, you want to comment? 1321 01:05:10,810 --> 01:05:11,911 No. 1322 01:05:13,780 --> 01:05:16,490 Because if it can put us ahead again, 1323 01:05:16,820 --> 01:05:19,119 the President of the United States 1324 01:05:19,152 --> 01:05:21,154 needs to know about it. 1325 01:05:22,689 --> 01:05:24,491 And if the Russians know about it already, 1326 01:05:24,524 --> 01:05:27,527 from a spy at Los Alamos, 1327 01:05:27,560 --> 01:05:28,862 then we've gotta get going. 1328 01:05:28,895 --> 01:05:31,865 There's no proof there was a spy at Los Alamos. 1329 01:05:31,898 --> 01:05:32,966 Robert. 1330 01:05:37,804 --> 01:05:39,572 They put it under the football stadium? 1331 01:05:39,606 --> 01:05:41,541 The field's not in use anymore. 1332 01:05:41,574 --> 01:05:43,810 Just as well. 1333 01:05:45,111 --> 01:05:47,547 -Oppie. -Dr. Fermi. 1334 01:05:50,250 --> 01:05:51,584 I hear you got a little town. 1335 01:05:51,618 --> 01:05:52,852 Yes. Come and see. 1336 01:05:54,587 --> 01:05:58,692 Who could think straight in a place like that? Huh? 1337 01:05:58,725 --> 01:06:00,660 Everybody will go crazy. 1338 01:06:00,694 --> 01:06:04,564 Thank you for the vote of confidence, Szilard. 1339 01:06:04,597 --> 01:06:08,234 Do we really... do we really need that in the notes? 1340 01:06:08,268 --> 01:06:10,704 When are you going to try it out? 1341 01:06:10,737 --> 01:06:11,771 We did. 1342 01:06:11,805 --> 01:06:16,176 The first self-sustaining nuclear chain reaction. 1343 01:06:16,209 --> 01:06:17,844 Didn't Groves tell you? 1344 01:06:17,877 --> 01:06:19,512 No. 1345 01:06:24,170 --> 01:06:27,120 One at a time, please, one at a time. 1346 01:06:27,153 --> 01:06:28,621 Dr. Oppenheimer? 1347 01:06:29,723 --> 01:06:32,192 I tried Personnel. They asked if I could type. 1348 01:06:32,225 --> 01:06:33,526 Can you? 1349 01:06:33,560 --> 01:06:34,694 Harvard forgot to teach that 1350 01:06:34,728 --> 01:06:36,563 on the graduate chemistry course. 1351 01:06:37,931 --> 01:06:40,834 Condon, put Mrs. Hornig here on the plutonium team. 1352 01:06:46,606 --> 01:06:48,274 What the hell were you doing in Chicago? 1353 01:06:48,308 --> 01:06:49,776 Visiting the Met? 1354 01:06:49,809 --> 01:06:50,810 -Why? Why? -Well, you can't talk to... 1355 01:06:50,844 --> 01:06:52,879 Because we have every right... 1356 01:06:52,912 --> 01:06:55,248 You have just the rights that I give you. 1357 01:06:55,281 --> 01:06:56,750 No more, no less. 1358 01:06:56,783 --> 01:06:59,219 We are adults trying to run a project here. 1359 01:06:59,252 --> 01:07:00,954 This is ridiculous. 1360 01:07:00,987 --> 01:07:02,756 Tell him. 1361 01:07:02,789 --> 01:07:05,925 Compartmentalization is the protocol we agreed to. 1362 01:07:07,600 --> 01:07:08,294 Enough of this madhouse. 1363 01:07:08,328 --> 01:07:10,697 Nobody can work under these conditions. 1364 01:07:10,730 --> 01:07:15,168 You know what, Generalissimo? I quit. 1365 01:07:15,201 --> 01:07:16,603 Thanks for nothing. 1366 01:07:18,705 --> 01:07:20,206 Better off without him. 1367 01:07:21,641 --> 01:07:22,676 Aren't you more concerned 1368 01:07:22,709 --> 01:07:25,780 about his discretion out there? 1369 01:07:25,111 --> 01:07:27,514 We'll have him killed. 1370 01:07:28,348 --> 01:07:30,917 I was just kidding. 1371 01:07:30,950 --> 01:07:33,887 -No, he hates me, not America. -You know, General, 1372 01:07:33,920 --> 01:07:36,256 not everyone has levers to pull like mine. 1373 01:07:36,289 --> 01:07:38,124 I don't think I understand. 1374 01:07:38,158 --> 01:07:40,326 You didn't hire me despite my left-wing past. 1375 01:07:40,360 --> 01:07:42,950 You hired me because of it. 1376 01:07:43,960 --> 01:07:45,650 So you could control me. 1377 01:07:45,980 --> 01:07:47,701 Well, I'm not that subtle. 1378 01:07:47,734 --> 01:07:49,769 I'm just a humble soldier. 1379 01:07:49,803 --> 01:07:51,304 You're neither humble nor just a soldier. 1380 01:07:51,338 --> 01:07:52,339 You studied engineering at MIT. 1381 01:07:52,372 --> 01:07:54,207 Guilty as charged. 1382 01:07:54,240 --> 01:07:55,742 Well, now we understand each other, 1383 01:07:55,775 --> 01:07:57,210 perhaps you can get me my security clearance 1384 01:07:57,243 --> 01:08:00,460 so I can perform this miracle for you. 1385 01:08:04,951 --> 01:08:06,686 General Groves, were you aware 1386 01:08:06,720 --> 01:08:09,220 of Dr. Oppenheimer's left-wing associations 1387 01:08:09,550 --> 01:08:10,724 when you appointed him? 1388 01:08:10,757 --> 01:08:12,392 I was aware that there were suspicions about him. 1389 01:08:12,425 --> 01:08:14,294 I was aware he had a very extreme 1390 01:08:14,327 --> 01:08:15,695 liberal background. 1391 01:08:15,729 --> 01:08:17,330 In your opinion, would he ever consciously 1392 01:08:17,364 --> 01:08:18,665 commit a disloyal act? 1393 01:08:18,698 --> 01:08:20,300 I would be amazed if he did. 1394 01:08:20,333 --> 01:08:23,403 So you had complete confidence in his integrity. 1395 01:08:23,436 --> 01:08:24,838 At Los Alamos, yes, 1396 01:08:24,871 --> 01:08:26,206 which is where I really knew him. 1397 01:08:26,239 --> 01:08:28,208 General, did your security officers 1398 01:08:28,241 --> 01:08:29,709 on the project advise you 1399 01:08:29,743 --> 01:08:31,211 against the clearance of Dr. Oppenheimer? 1400 01:08:31,244 --> 01:08:35,480 They could not and would not clear him until I insisted. 1401 01:08:35,810 --> 01:08:37,717 And it's safe to say that you had a pretty good knowledge 1402 01:08:37,751 --> 01:08:38,985 of Dr. Oppenheimer's security file. 1403 01:08:39,190 --> 01:08:40,687 I did. 1404 01:08:40,720 --> 01:08:41,888 Well, then there's only really one question 1405 01:08:41,921 --> 01:08:43,390 I need answered here today. 1406 01:08:43,423 --> 01:08:45,125 In light of the current AEC guidelines, 1407 01:08:45,158 --> 01:08:47,861 would you clear Dr. Oppenheimer today? 1408 01:08:47,894 --> 01:08:49,963 Do you have the guidelines? 1409 01:08:57,370 --> 01:08:59,706 Under current AEC guidelines, 1410 01:08:59,739 --> 01:09:01,775 would you clear Dr. Oppenheimer today? 1411 01:09:13,987 --> 01:09:17,791 Physics and New Mexico, huh? 1412 01:09:17,824 --> 01:09:20,860 My God. What a trek. 1413 01:09:20,894 --> 01:09:22,362 That's why you need a liaison. 1414 01:09:22,395 --> 01:09:23,930 I'm appointing Lomanitz. 1415 01:09:25,980 --> 01:09:26,166 You're gonna be okay. 1416 01:09:26,199 --> 01:09:27,367 This way, gentlemen. 1417 01:09:37,344 --> 01:09:39,179 -Dr. Lawrence. -Leslie. 1418 01:09:39,212 --> 01:09:41,781 I'd like to remind you what we talked about in Berkeley. 1419 01:09:41,815 --> 01:09:44,150 Compartmentalization. I understand completely. 1420 01:09:47,320 --> 01:09:48,321 Okay. 1421 01:09:49,489 --> 01:09:50,924 Thank you. 1422 01:09:58,832 --> 01:10:00,660 Greetings from Berkeley. 1423 01:10:00,100 --> 01:10:02,235 I am here to update you on our progress 1424 01:10:02,268 --> 01:10:03,803 and solicit your input. 1425 01:10:03,837 --> 01:10:05,205 To do so, I am going to have to share 1426 01:10:05,238 --> 01:10:08,908 a few things that General Groves told me not to. 1427 01:10:08,942 --> 01:10:10,744 Sorry, General, I said I understood, 1428 01:10:10,777 --> 01:10:11,845 not that I agreed. 1429 01:10:11,878 --> 01:10:13,413 'Kay. 1430 01:10:13,446 --> 01:10:15,482 Gentlemen, to business. 1431 01:10:15,515 --> 01:10:17,884 There were rumors of espionage at Los Alamos. 1432 01:10:17,917 --> 01:10:19,386 Unsubstantiated. Unsubstantiated. 1433 01:10:19,419 --> 01:10:20,887 I'm told 1434 01:10:20,920 --> 01:10:22,222 that there were Communists on the project. 1435 01:10:22,255 --> 01:10:24,240 We didn't knowingly employ any Communists. 1436 01:10:24,570 --> 01:10:25,825 I just want to know, were any of them involved 1437 01:10:25,859 --> 01:10:27,327 in discussions of the Super? 1438 01:10:27,360 --> 01:10:29,529 I seem to remember you demanding your brother come to Los Alamos. 1439 01:10:29,562 --> 01:10:31,831 My brother had left the Party by then. 1440 01:10:31,865 --> 01:10:33,990 What about Lomanitz? 1441 01:10:33,133 --> 01:10:34,868 Lomanitz was never employed at Los Alamos. 1442 01:10:34,901 --> 01:10:35,902 He was a liaison. 1443 01:10:35,935 --> 01:10:37,103 Our security was tight, 1444 01:10:37,137 --> 01:10:38,505 as former Colonel Nichols well knows. 1445 01:10:38,538 --> 01:10:40,106 Our security was as tight as it could be 1446 01:10:40,140 --> 01:10:41,508 given the personalities involved, 1447 01:10:41,541 --> 01:10:43,376 but attempts were made. 1448 01:10:43,410 --> 01:10:44,411 What is that supposed to mean? 1449 01:10:44,444 --> 01:10:46,120 We've all read his file here. 1450 01:10:47,470 --> 01:10:49,490 Do we need to talk about Jean Tatlock? 1451 01:10:49,582 --> 01:10:51,751 Or the Chevalier incident? 1452 01:10:56,356 --> 01:10:57,757 'Scuse me. 1453 01:11:01,610 --> 01:11:03,290 That's Lomanitz, line one. 1454 01:11:08,902 --> 01:11:09,936 Hello, Rossi. 1455 01:11:09,969 --> 01:11:13,173 What? O-Okay, just calm down. 1456 01:11:14,140 --> 01:11:17,377 There's been another screw-up. Lomanitz just got drafted. 1457 01:11:17,410 --> 01:11:19,879 -We are at war, Doctor. -Don't be an ***hole, Nichols. 1458 01:11:19,913 --> 01:11:21,915 We need this kid. Fix it, will you? 1459 01:11:21,948 --> 01:11:23,149 It wasn't a mistake. 1460 01:11:23,183 --> 01:11:24,517 Your friend Lomanitz has been trying 1461 01:11:24,551 --> 01:11:26,820 to unionize the Radiation Lab. 1462 01:11:26,853 --> 01:11:28,154 He promised to quit all that. 1463 01:11:28,188 --> 01:11:30,900 Well, he hasn't. 1464 01:11:30,123 --> 01:11:31,991 Security officer at Berkeley's concerned about 1465 01:11:32,250 --> 01:11:34,327 Communist infiltration through that union, 1466 01:11:34,361 --> 01:11:36,963 -the F.A... -F.A.E.C.T. 1467 01:11:39,366 --> 01:11:43,690 While I'm there next week, I'll drop in to see him. 1468 01:11:45,338 --> 01:11:47,730 Your Q clearance came through. 1469 01:11:50,610 --> 01:11:52,450 It's important you not maintain or renew 1470 01:11:52,780 --> 01:11:54,347 any questionable associations. 1471 01:11:59,850 --> 01:12:01,588 Doctor, did you think social contacts 1472 01:12:01,621 --> 01:12:03,957 between a person engaged on secret war work 1473 01:12:03,990 --> 01:12:05,358 and Communists was dangerous? 1474 01:12:05,392 --> 01:12:09,620 My awareness of the danger would be greater today. 1475 01:12:09,950 --> 01:12:11,998 I mean, it's fair to say that during the war years, 1476 01:12:12,320 --> 01:12:15,235 you felt that such contacts were potentially dangerous. 1477 01:12:21,675 --> 01:12:24,644 Were conceivably dangerous, yes. 1478 01:12:24,678 --> 01:12:26,946 I mean, really, 1479 01:12:26,980 --> 01:12:29,150 known Communists. 1480 01:12:31,151 --> 01:12:33,386 Look... 1481 01:12:33,420 --> 01:12:34,954 I've had a lot of secrets 1482 01:12:34,988 --> 01:12:37,957 in my head for a long time. 1483 01:12:38,925 --> 01:12:40,193 Doesn't matter who I associate with. 1484 01:12:40,226 --> 01:12:43,129 I don't talk about those secrets. 1485 01:12:50,537 --> 01:12:52,172 You said in your statement 1486 01:12:57,877 --> 01:12:59,746 Why did you have to see her? 1487 01:12:59,779 --> 01:13:02,882 Because she had indicated a great desire 1488 01:13:02,916 --> 01:13:04,584 to see me before we left. 1489 01:13:04,617 --> 01:13:05,785 At that time, I couldn't, 1490 01:13:05,819 --> 01:13:09,622 but I felt that she had to see me. 1491 01:13:09,656 --> 01:13:12,158 She was undergoing psychiatric treatment. 1492 01:13:15,261 --> 01:13:17,630 Not a word. 1493 01:13:17,664 --> 01:13:19,833 When did you see her after that? 1494 01:13:28,241 --> 01:13:29,909 I never saw her again. 1495 01:13:36,116 --> 01:13:38,752 I can make the last train back to Princeton. 1496 01:13:38,752 --> 01:13:41,921 Kitty, I didn't say anything that I hadn't already told you. 1497 01:13:41,988 --> 01:13:44,124 Today you said it to history, didn't you? 1498 01:13:44,157 --> 01:13:45,692 This is a closed hearing. 1499 01:13:47,394 --> 01:13:48,995 If they don't release the transcript, 1500 01:13:49,290 --> 01:13:51,310 -I'm sure you will. -I was under oath. 1501 01:13:51,640 --> 01:13:52,832 Well, you were under an oath for me 1502 01:13:52,866 --> 01:13:54,667 when you went to see Jean. 1503 01:13:55,335 --> 01:13:56,770 You know, you... 1504 01:13:57,670 --> 01:13:59,973 ...you sit there, day after day, 1505 01:14:00,600 --> 01:14:03,430 letting them pick our lives to pieces. 1506 01:14:06,460 --> 01:14:07,747 Why won't you fight? 1507 01:14:10,884 --> 01:14:14,200 Robert, I'm not putting her up there. 1508 01:14:19,159 --> 01:14:22,280 Dr. Oppenheimer, it's an honor. Please, take a seat. 1509 01:14:22,620 --> 01:14:25,665 No need, um, I just wanted to check whether I should 1510 01:14:25,699 --> 01:14:27,867 talk to Lomanitz while I'm here, given your concerns. 1511 01:14:27,901 --> 01:14:30,300 Well, I'd say that's really up to you, Professor, 1512 01:14:30,360 --> 01:14:32,205 -but I'd be cautious. -Uh-huh. Understood. 1513 01:14:32,238 --> 01:14:34,974 Oh, and, um, as regards to the union, 1514 01:14:35,800 --> 01:14:36,776 I wanted to give you a heads-up on a... 1515 01:14:36,810 --> 01:14:38,144 on a man named Eltenton. 1516 01:14:38,178 --> 01:14:39,679 A heads-up? 1517 01:14:39,713 --> 01:14:43,650 Yes, just that he might merit watching is all. 1518 01:14:44,484 --> 01:14:45,885 Well, I'd love to get more details. 1519 01:14:45,919 --> 01:14:48,254 Well, I... I have an appointment now 1520 01:14:48,288 --> 01:14:49,723 and I leave early tomorrow. 1521 01:14:49,756 --> 01:14:51,291 Well, come back as early as you like. 1522 01:14:51,324 --> 01:14:53,660 Since you haven't time now. 1523 01:14:54,327 --> 01:14:56,162 You went back the next morning. 1524 01:14:56,196 --> 01:14:58,198 I did, I had to, really. 1525 01:14:59,132 --> 01:15:01,735 This time, there was another man. 1526 01:15:02,402 --> 01:15:03,903 He said his name's Pash. 1527 01:15:03,937 --> 01:15:06,439 Pash. You met Colonel Pash? 1528 01:15:06,506 --> 01:15:08,800 Colonel Pash, could you please read 1529 01:15:08,410 --> 01:15:11,845 from your memo dated June 29, 1943? 1530 01:15:13,947 --> 01:15:16,490 "Results of surveillance conducted on subject 1531 01:15:16,820 --> 01:15:18,918 "indicate further possible Communist Party connections. 1532 01:15:18,952 --> 01:15:21,121 "Subject met with and spent considerable time 1533 01:15:21,154 --> 01:15:23,356 "with one Jean Tatlock, Communist, 1534 01:15:23,390 --> 01:15:24,858 the record of whom is attached." 1535 01:15:24,891 --> 01:15:26,760 The subject being Dr. Oppenheimer? 1536 01:15:26,793 --> 01:15:29,262 -Yes. -Whom you had not met? 1537 01:15:29,295 --> 01:15:31,970 Not then, but soon after. 1538 01:15:31,131 --> 01:15:32,532 He's the head of security for the project. 1539 01:15:32,532 --> 01:15:33,767 Shouldn't I know him? 1540 01:15:33,800 --> 01:15:35,135 No, he should know you. 1541 01:15:35,168 --> 01:15:37,700 I would never put you in a room with Pash. 1542 01:15:37,103 --> 01:15:38,371 Why not? 1543 01:15:38,405 --> 01:15:40,473 When Pash first heard about Lomanitz, 1544 01:15:40,540 --> 01:15:43,443 he told the FBI he was gonna kidnap him, 1545 01:15:43,476 --> 01:15:44,944 take him out on a boat 1546 01:15:44,978 --> 01:15:47,981 and interrogate him in the Russian manner. 1547 01:15:50,116 --> 01:15:52,952 General Groves has placed in me a certain responsibility, 1548 01:15:52,986 --> 01:15:55,221 and it's like having a child who I can't see. 1549 01:15:55,255 --> 01:15:57,357 -Ah. -By remote control. 1550 01:15:57,390 --> 01:16:00,994 So to actually meet you is... 1551 01:16:02,950 --> 01:16:03,563 I won't take up too much of your time. 1552 01:16:03,563 --> 01:16:05,832 No, no, not at all. Whatever time you choose. 1553 01:16:05,865 --> 01:16:08,768 Mm. Mr. Johnson told me of a conversation 1554 01:16:08,802 --> 01:16:10,570 you had yesterday in which I'm very interested. 1555 01:16:10,570 --> 01:16:12,839 It's had me worried all day. 1556 01:16:12,872 --> 01:16:15,375 Yes, well, I didn't want to talk to Lomanitz 1557 01:16:15,408 --> 01:16:16,943 without authorization. 1558 01:16:16,976 --> 01:16:18,178 That's not the particular interest that I have. 1559 01:16:18,211 --> 01:16:20,180 It's something a little bit more... 1560 01:16:21,214 --> 01:16:22,982 ...well, in my opinion, more serious. 1561 01:16:23,160 --> 01:16:25,952 Now, when the FBI pointed out that such information 1562 01:16:25,985 --> 01:16:27,520 wouldn't be admissible in court, Pash made it clear 1563 01:16:27,587 --> 01:16:31,324 he had no intention of leaving any witness left to prosecute. 1564 01:16:31,358 --> 01:16:32,926 Now, the FBI talked him down, 1565 01:16:32,959 --> 01:16:34,561 but that's the man you're dancing with. 1566 01:16:34,594 --> 01:16:37,297 I gather you've heard there are other parties 1567 01:16:37,330 --> 01:16:40,330 interested in the work of the Radiation Lab. 1568 01:16:40,660 --> 01:16:43,970 A man attached to the Soviet Consul 1569 01:16:43,970 --> 01:16:47,400 indicated, through intermediate people, 1570 01:16:47,730 --> 01:16:48,608 to people on this project, 1571 01:16:48,641 --> 01:16:52,780 that he was in a position to transmit information. 1572 01:16:52,780 --> 01:16:54,914 Oh, why would anyone on the project want to do that? 1573 01:16:56,349 --> 01:16:58,885 Frankly, I can see that there might be an argument 1574 01:16:58,918 --> 01:17:01,354 for the Commander-in-Chief informing the Russians-- 1575 01:17:01,354 --> 01:17:03,256 they're our allies after all-- 1576 01:17:03,256 --> 01:17:06,159 but I don't like the idea of it going out the back door. 1577 01:17:06,192 --> 01:17:08,928 It might not hurt to be on the lookout for it. 1578 01:17:10,363 --> 01:17:11,531 And you said that to Pash? 1579 01:17:11,564 --> 01:17:13,660 I was trying to put it 1580 01:17:13,990 --> 01:17:15,902 in a context of Russia's not Germany. 1581 01:17:15,935 --> 01:17:20,373 Boris Pash is the son of a Russian Orthodox bishop. 1582 01:17:20,373 --> 01:17:23,910 Born here, but in 1918, he went back to Russia 1583 01:17:23,910 --> 01:17:25,378 to fight the Bolsheviks. 1584 01:17:25,378 --> 01:17:27,580 This is a man who has killed Communists with his own hands. 1585 01:17:27,614 --> 01:17:31,840 I'm not the judge of who should or should not have information. 1586 01:17:31,117 --> 01:17:33,119 It's my business to stop it from going through illegally. 1587 01:17:33,186 --> 01:17:35,388 Would you be a little more specific? 1588 01:17:38,224 --> 01:17:41,127 There's a man whose name was mentioned to me 1589 01:17:41,127 --> 01:17:43,229 a couple of times. Eltenton. 1590 01:17:44,297 --> 01:17:47,400 Uh, I believe he's a chemist who works at Shell. 1591 01:17:47,400 --> 01:17:49,936 He talked to a friend of his 1592 01:17:49,969 --> 01:17:53,873 who's an acquaintance of someone on the project. 1593 01:17:55,108 --> 01:17:57,577 And you thought Pash would be satisfied with that? 1594 01:17:57,610 --> 01:18:00,113 I was attempting to give them Eltenton 1595 01:18:00,146 --> 01:18:01,514 without opening a can of worms. 1596 01:18:01,548 --> 01:18:03,516 I told them a ****-and-bull story. 1597 01:18:03,550 --> 01:18:05,510 Did you lie to General Groves too? 1598 01:18:05,118 --> 01:18:08,655 No. I admitted to him that I'd lied to Pash. 1599 01:18:08,688 --> 01:18:10,123 Do you recall this conversation 1600 01:18:10,123 --> 01:18:12,559 about the Chevalier incident? 1601 01:18:12,592 --> 01:18:14,961 I've seen so many versions of it. Um... 1602 01:18:14,994 --> 01:18:16,162 Wasn't confused before, 1603 01:18:16,229 --> 01:18:17,664 but I'm certainly getting there now. 1604 01:18:17,697 --> 01:18:18,965 And what was your conclusion? 1605 01:18:18,998 --> 01:18:21,401 That he was under the influence of 1606 01:18:21,434 --> 01:18:24,270 the typical American schoolboy attitude 1607 01:18:24,337 --> 01:18:27,907 that there's something wicked about telling on a friend. 1608 01:18:27,974 --> 01:18:29,976 Well, now. 1609 01:18:30,100 --> 01:18:32,445 Might we know through whom the contact was made? 1610 01:18:32,512 --> 01:18:34,714 That would in... involve people 1611 01:18:34,748 --> 01:18:36,716 who are not to be involved in this. 1612 01:18:36,750 --> 01:18:39,519 Is that someone a member of the project? 1613 01:18:39,552 --> 01:18:44,900 A member of the faculty, yes, but not in the project, no. 1614 01:18:44,900 --> 01:18:45,191 Ah. 1615 01:18:45,258 --> 01:18:46,993 So Eltenton made his approach 1616 01:18:47,270 --> 01:18:50,263 through a member of the faculty here at Berkeley? 1617 01:18:51,998 --> 01:18:54,501 As far as I know. As far as I know, yes. 1618 01:18:54,534 --> 01:18:57,170 But there-there may have been 1619 01:18:57,203 --> 01:18:59,939 more than one person involved. 1620 01:19:03,343 --> 01:19:06,546 Gentlemen, if I... if I seem uncooperative, 1621 01:19:06,579 --> 01:19:09,516 I think you can understand that's because of my insistence 1622 01:19:09,549 --> 01:19:12,152 in not getting innocent people into trouble. 1623 01:19:12,185 --> 01:19:13,987 You're trying to protect your friend. 1624 01:19:14,200 --> 01:19:15,255 Who's protecting you? 1625 01:19:15,288 --> 01:19:16,690 Well, you could. 1626 01:19:16,723 --> 01:19:18,580 If you gave me the name. 1627 01:19:18,910 --> 01:19:20,260 If you order me to, I'll do it. 1628 01:19:20,600 --> 01:19:21,940 That's a mistake, Robert. 1629 01:19:21,127 --> 01:19:22,962 You need to volunteer this name. 1630 01:19:23,797 --> 01:19:25,465 And did he give you the name? 1631 01:19:25,498 --> 01:19:26,633 He did. 1632 01:19:26,666 --> 01:19:28,134 -But not then, did he? -No. 1633 01:19:28,168 --> 01:19:29,636 No. In fact, it was some months later, wasn't it? 1634 01:19:29,669 --> 01:19:31,571 It was. 1635 01:19:31,604 --> 01:19:32,706 You see me as persistent. 1636 01:19:32,739 --> 01:19:34,474 Well, you are... 1637 01:19:34,507 --> 01:19:36,343 you are persistent, but that is your job. 1638 01:19:36,376 --> 01:19:40,800 And-and my job is to protect the people that work for me. 1639 01:19:40,113 --> 01:19:42,115 Instead of us going on certain steps, 1640 01:19:42,148 --> 01:19:44,250 which may come to your attention... 1641 01:19:45,618 --> 01:19:47,387 ...and be disturbing to you, 1642 01:19:47,420 --> 01:19:50,523 I would like to discuss those with you first. 1643 01:19:50,557 --> 01:19:52,580 I'm not formulating a plan. 1644 01:19:52,920 --> 01:19:54,427 I'll just have to digest the whole thing. 1645 01:19:58,640 --> 01:20:00,767 In the months in between your interview 1646 01:20:00,800 --> 01:20:04,437 with Dr. Oppenheimer and his eventual naming of Chevalier, 1647 01:20:04,471 --> 01:20:05,772 did you expend resources 1648 01:20:05,805 --> 01:20:07,273 trying to find the name of the intermediary? 1649 01:20:07,307 --> 01:20:09,776 Considerable resources, yes. 1650 01:20:09,809 --> 01:20:12,450 Without the name, our job was extremely difficult. 1651 01:20:12,780 --> 01:20:13,513 And when did you receive the name? 1652 01:20:13,546 --> 01:20:14,781 I was gone by the time 1653 01:20:14,814 --> 01:20:17,250 -Oppenheimer finally offered it up. -Gone? 1654 01:20:17,283 --> 01:20:19,452 They felt my time would be better spent in Europe 1655 01:20:19,486 --> 01:20:22,222 determining the status of the Nazi bomb project. 1656 01:20:22,255 --> 01:20:23,423 Who did? 1657 01:20:24,524 --> 01:20:26,259 General Groves. 1658 01:20:26,292 --> 01:20:28,610 He transferred me to London. 1659 01:20:34,501 --> 01:20:36,603 It's a little early for a Christmas party. 1660 01:20:36,636 --> 01:20:38,638 Something's up. 1661 01:20:38,672 --> 01:20:40,707 Tolman's been away. 1662 01:20:40,740 --> 01:20:42,442 Where? 1663 01:20:42,475 --> 01:20:44,440 Ruth won't tell. 1664 01:20:48,581 --> 01:20:49,582 Hey! 1665 01:20:53,753 --> 01:20:55,288 Come on, Ruthie. 1666 01:20:55,321 --> 01:20:57,390 Can't tell me, who can you tell? 1667 01:20:57,424 --> 01:21:00,160 Compartmentalization, Oppie. 1668 01:21:00,193 --> 01:21:01,561 What makes you think I know where he is anyway? 1669 01:21:01,594 --> 01:21:03,296 'Cause you do a pretty good job 1670 01:21:03,329 --> 01:21:06,990 of knowing where Mr. Tolman is when it counts. 1671 01:21:06,132 --> 01:21:07,667 Like now? 1672 01:21:07,701 --> 01:21:11,137 Attention! 1673 01:21:14,341 --> 01:21:16,276 Early Christmas present for you all. 1674 01:21:24,351 --> 01:21:26,720 The British pilots put me in the bomb bay. 1675 01:21:26,753 --> 01:21:28,755 Showed me the-the oxygen, you know, 1676 01:21:28,788 --> 01:21:30,523 but I messed it up. 1677 01:21:30,557 --> 01:21:33,159 Uh, when they opened me up in Scotland, I was unconscious. 1678 01:21:33,193 --> 01:21:35,395 But I pretended I'd been napping. 1679 01:21:36,363 --> 01:21:37,797 Please enjoy your party. 1680 01:21:39,165 --> 01:21:40,467 Is it big enough? 1681 01:21:40,500 --> 01:21:41,768 To end the war? 1682 01:21:41,801 --> 01:21:44,704 To end all war. 1683 01:21:47,540 --> 01:21:51,611 Uh, Heisenberg sought me out in Copenhagen. 1684 01:21:51,644 --> 01:21:53,380 It was chilling, 1685 01:21:53,413 --> 01:21:55,448 my old student working for the Nazis. 1686 01:21:55,482 --> 01:21:59,386 He told me some things to draw me out. 1687 01:22:00,286 --> 01:22:03,623 Sustained fission reactions in uranium. 1688 01:22:03,656 --> 01:22:05,859 That sounds more like a reactor than a bomb. 1689 01:22:05,892 --> 01:22:07,327 Did he mention gaseous diffusion? 1690 01:22:07,360 --> 01:22:09,629 He seemed more focused on heavy water. 1691 01:22:09,662 --> 01:22:11,364 As a moderator? 1692 01:22:11,398 --> 01:22:12,766 Yes, instead of graphite. 1693 01:22:15,802 --> 01:22:17,170 What? 1694 01:22:17,203 --> 01:22:19,372 He took a wrong turn. 1695 01:22:19,406 --> 01:22:21,875 We're ahead. And with you here to help us, Niels. 1696 01:22:21,908 --> 01:22:24,177 Sorry, could you... 1697 01:22:24,210 --> 01:22:27,147 could you give us a moment, gentlemen? 1698 01:22:33,319 --> 01:22:35,855 I am not here to help, Robert. 1699 01:22:35,889 --> 01:22:37,791 I knew you could do this without me. 1700 01:22:37,824 --> 01:22:38,925 Then why did you come? 1701 01:22:38,958 --> 01:22:40,393 To talk about after. 1702 01:22:40,427 --> 01:22:42,395 The power you're about to reveal 1703 01:22:42,429 --> 01:22:44,631 will forever outlive the Nazis. 1704 01:22:45,699 --> 01:22:47,300 And the world is not prepared. 1705 01:22:47,333 --> 01:22:48,735 "You could lift the stone 1706 01:22:48,768 --> 01:22:51,404 without being ready for the snake that's revealed." 1707 01:22:51,438 --> 01:22:52,806 We have to make the politicians understand, 1708 01:22:52,839 --> 01:22:54,941 this isn't a new weapon. 1709 01:22:54,974 --> 01:22:56,443 It's a new world. 1710 01:22:56,476 --> 01:22:59,846 I'll be out there doing what I can, but you... 1711 01:22:59,879 --> 01:23:02,449 you're an American Prometheus. 1712 01:23:02,482 --> 01:23:04,718 The man who gave them the power 1713 01:23:04,751 --> 01:23:06,786 to destroy themselves, 1714 01:23:06,820 --> 01:23:08,455 and they'll respect that. 1715 01:23:08,488 --> 01:23:10,657 And your work really begins. 1716 01:23:14,594 --> 01:23:17,731 I'm sorry, Oppie, but there's a call. 1717 01:23:18,865 --> 01:23:21,601 From San Francisco. 1718 01:23:27,874 --> 01:23:29,576 Robert! 1719 01:23:32,812 --> 01:23:34,347 Robert? 1720 01:23:35,150 --> 01:23:37,584 Robert. Robert. 1721 01:23:37,617 --> 01:23:39,819 God, what's the matter? 1722 01:23:39,853 --> 01:23:41,621 What happened? 1723 01:23:42,489 --> 01:23:44,424 Her father called. 1724 01:23:44,457 --> 01:23:46,593 They found her yesterday in the bath. 1725 01:23:47,594 --> 01:23:48,728 Who? 1726 01:23:49,729 --> 01:23:51,731 She'd taken pills. 1727 01:23:51,765 --> 01:23:53,666 Left a note, not signed. 1728 01:23:54,667 --> 01:23:55,635 She took barbiturates, 1729 01:23:55,668 --> 01:23:57,604 but there was chloral hydrate in her blood. 1730 01:24:00,974 --> 01:24:02,308 There was a note. 1731 01:24:02,342 --> 01:24:04,644 Jean Tatlock? 1732 01:24:10,417 --> 01:24:12,419 We were together. 1733 01:24:12,452 --> 01:24:15,255 She said she needed me. I... 1734 01:24:17,357 --> 01:24:20,293 I told her I... I wouldn't... 1735 01:24:20,326 --> 01:24:21,961 I told her I couldn't... 1736 01:24:21,995 --> 01:24:23,663 No, it was... it was me. 1737 01:24:26,666 --> 01:24:28,768 You don't get to commit the sin 1738 01:24:28,802 --> 01:24:30,603 and then have us all feel sorry for you 1739 01:24:30,637 --> 01:24:33,506 that it had consequences. 1740 01:24:35,575 --> 01:24:37,777 You pull yourself together. 1741 01:24:41,448 --> 01:24:43,583 You know, people here depend on you. 1742 01:24:46,860 --> 01:24:47,554 Donald, would you like 1743 01:24:47,587 --> 01:24:48,655 to contribute here? Please, help me out. 1744 01:24:48,688 --> 01:24:49,889 You're on your own, pal. 1745 01:24:49,923 --> 01:24:51,240 Bob, I'm not quitting my job 1746 01:24:51,570 --> 01:24:52,392 because plutonium is radioactive. 1747 01:24:52,425 --> 01:24:53,960 We just don't know what it might do 1748 01:24:53,993 --> 01:24:55,729 to the female reproductive system... 1749 01:24:55,762 --> 01:24:57,664 Your reproductive system is more exposed than mine, presumably. 1750 01:24:57,697 --> 01:25:00,567 Can we please? The implosion device is nowhere. 1751 01:25:00,600 --> 01:25:02,100 Hey, you can't rush everything. 1752 01:25:02,350 --> 01:25:03,570 -Oppie, please. -Well, there's rushing 1753 01:25:03,603 --> 01:25:05,405 and there's getting on with it, so pick one. 1754 01:25:05,438 --> 01:25:07,440 Wait. Neddermeyer's doing his job. 1755 01:25:07,474 --> 01:25:08,408 Teller's not helping. 1756 01:25:08,441 --> 01:25:09,976 You're not helping. 1757 01:25:10,100 --> 01:25:11,411 I've been asking for calculations 1758 01:25:11,444 --> 01:25:12,579 on the implosion lenses for weeks. 1759 01:25:12,612 --> 01:25:14,800 The British can do it. Fuchs. 1760 01:25:14,114 --> 01:25:15,415 Absolutely. 1761 01:25:15,448 --> 01:25:16,816 It's your job, Teller. 1762 01:25:16,850 --> 01:25:18,651 I'm engaged in research. 1763 01:25:18,685 --> 01:25:21,354 On a hydrogen bomb we're not even building. 1764 01:25:29,462 --> 01:25:30,830 I won't work for that man. 1765 01:25:32,599 --> 01:25:34,701 Let him go. He's a prima donna. 1766 01:25:34,734 --> 01:25:36,970 I agree. He should leave Los Alamos. 1767 01:25:37,300 --> 01:25:38,505 Okay. 1768 01:25:38,538 --> 01:25:40,407 Kisty, you replace Neddermeyer. 1769 01:25:40,440 --> 01:25:41,841 Seth, I'm putting you on plutonium. 1770 01:25:41,875 --> 01:25:44,978 Lilli, you go work for Kisty. Because he needs you. 1771 01:25:45,110 --> 01:25:47,580 Fuchs, you take Teller's role. 1772 01:25:47,614 --> 01:25:49,983 I'm putting you exclusively on the implosion device. 1773 01:25:50,160 --> 01:25:53,787 And no one is leaving Los Alamos. 1774 01:26:08,340 --> 01:26:10,300 -They won't let me leave. -No. 1775 01:26:10,360 --> 01:26:11,638 I won't let you leave. 1776 01:26:12,505 --> 01:26:15,608 Forget Hans. Forget fission. 1777 01:26:15,642 --> 01:26:18,778 Stay here, research what you want. 1778 01:26:18,812 --> 01:26:21,414 Fusion, the hydrogen bomb, whatever. 1779 01:26:21,448 --> 01:26:22,615 We'll meet to discuss. 1780 01:26:22,649 --> 01:26:24,117 You don't have time to meet. 1781 01:26:24,150 --> 01:26:25,719 You're a politician now, Robert. 1782 01:26:25,752 --> 01:26:28,388 You've left physics behind many, many years ago. 1783 01:26:29,222 --> 01:26:31,240 Once a week. 1784 01:26:31,570 --> 01:26:32,926 One hour. You and me. 1785 01:26:38,980 --> 01:26:40,667 Now raise this ****ing barrier. 1786 01:26:44,604 --> 01:26:47,400 So the Super was under development 1787 01:26:47,730 --> 01:26:49,420 on your watch at Los Alamos? 1788 01:26:49,750 --> 01:26:50,577 Yes. 1789 01:26:50,610 --> 01:26:52,479 And yet, after the war, 1790 01:26:52,512 --> 01:26:54,114 you tried to deny it was viable. 1791 01:26:54,147 --> 01:26:55,648 No, no, no. I... 1792 01:26:55,682 --> 01:26:57,517 I pointed out technical difficulties with it. 1793 01:26:57,550 --> 01:26:59,185 You... Didn't you try to kill it at the AEC meeting 1794 01:26:59,219 --> 01:27:00,787 -after the Russian bomb test? -No. 1795 01:27:00,820 --> 01:27:02,922 But that was the recommendation of the AEC, 1796 01:27:02,956 --> 01:27:05,225 -was it not? -After hours of discussion 1797 01:27:05,258 --> 01:27:07,527 about the best response. 1798 01:27:07,560 --> 01:27:12,665 An H-bomb is 1,000 times the power of an A-bomb. 1799 01:27:13,833 --> 01:27:17,604 Its only intended target would be the largest cities. 1800 01:27:17,637 --> 01:27:19,739 It's a weapon of mass genocide. 1801 01:27:19,773 --> 01:27:22,750 Izzy, draw some circles on this side of the map 1802 01:27:22,108 --> 01:27:23,743 where they would target us. 1803 01:27:23,777 --> 01:27:25,812 -Starting with New York. D.C. -That's fair. 1804 01:27:25,845 --> 01:27:28,615 It's a weapon of attack with no defensive value. 1805 01:27:28,648 --> 01:27:30,183 -Deterrence. -"Deterrence"? 1806 01:27:30,216 --> 01:27:31,818 Do we really need more deterrence 1807 01:27:31,851 --> 01:27:34,254 than our current arsenal of atomic bombs? 1808 01:27:34,287 --> 01:27:36,990 Y-You drown in ten feet of water or-or 10,000, 1809 01:27:37,230 --> 01:27:38,692 what's the difference? 1810 01:27:38,725 --> 01:27:40,694 We can already drown Russia. They know it. 1811 01:27:40,727 --> 01:27:42,996 -And now they can drown us. -So we're just escalating... 1812 01:27:53,907 --> 01:27:56,743 As I said, Teller's designs are still as 1813 01:27:56,776 --> 01:27:58,712 impractical as they were during the war. 1814 01:27:58,745 --> 01:28:01,715 A hydrogen bomb can be made to work, Oppie, you know that. 1815 01:28:01,748 --> 01:28:02,882 I don't believe we should commit 1816 01:28:02,916 --> 01:28:04,818 all our resources to that chance. 1817 01:28:04,851 --> 01:28:07,721 Then how would you have Truman reassure the American people? 1818 01:28:07,754 --> 01:28:09,956 Simply by limiting the spread of atomic weapons 1819 01:28:09,989 --> 01:28:13,293 through international control on nuclear energy. 1820 01:28:13,326 --> 01:28:14,894 By which you mean world government? 1821 01:28:14,928 --> 01:28:17,864 The United Nations as Roosevelt intended. 1822 01:28:17,897 --> 01:28:20,800 Well, I... I asked what Truman should do, right? 1823 01:28:20,834 --> 01:28:23,737 The world's changed, it's not fascism but Communism 1824 01:28:23,770 --> 01:28:25,238 that now threatens our survival. 1825 01:28:25,271 --> 01:28:28,908 Lewis, do you understand, if we build a hydrogen bomb, 1826 01:28:28,942 --> 01:28:31,811 the Russians will have no choice but to build their own? 1827 01:28:31,845 --> 01:28:33,613 Could they be working on one already? 1828 01:28:33,646 --> 01:28:36,149 Based on information gathered from a spy at Los Alamos. 1829 01:28:36,182 --> 01:28:37,650 No spy at Los Alamos. 1830 01:28:37,684 --> 01:28:38,752 -Gentlemen. -There wasn't? 1831 01:28:38,785 --> 01:28:40,200 Let's not get sidetracked. 1832 01:28:40,530 --> 01:28:41,755 I say we use this moment 1833 01:28:41,788 --> 01:28:43,189 to gain concessions from the Russians 1834 01:28:43,223 --> 01:28:46,292 by committing that we will not build a hydrogen bomb. 1835 01:28:46,326 --> 01:28:47,961 Thereby revealing its existence. 1836 01:28:47,994 --> 01:28:49,996 Which you seem convinced they already know. 1837 01:28:50,300 --> 01:28:51,631 All right. 1838 01:28:51,664 --> 01:28:53,767 At this point, I'd like the committee members 1839 01:28:53,800 --> 01:28:57,737 to meet in privacy to finalize our recommendations. 1840 01:28:58,872 --> 01:29:00,874 I'm just not sure you want to go down this road. 1841 01:29:00,907 --> 01:29:03,176 Lewis, with respect, we are the advisory committee, 1842 01:29:03,209 --> 01:29:04,978 we will give them our advice. 1843 01:29:05,110 --> 01:29:06,112 Good night. 1844 01:29:10,316 --> 01:29:14,587 Dr. Oppenheimer? Hi. William Borden. 1845 01:29:14,621 --> 01:29:15,955 Joint Committee on Atomic Energy? 1846 01:29:15,989 --> 01:29:17,190 Oh, yes, yes. 1847 01:29:17,223 --> 01:29:18,858 During the war, I was a pilot. 1848 01:29:19,993 --> 01:29:22,729 One night, flying back from a raid, 1849 01:29:22,762 --> 01:29:25,665 I saw an amazing sight like a meteor. 1850 01:29:26,866 --> 01:29:29,636 A V-2 rocket headed to England. 1851 01:29:29,669 --> 01:29:31,671 I can't help but imagine what it will be 1852 01:29:31,705 --> 01:29:35,608 for such an enemy rocket to carry an atomic warhead. 1853 01:29:44,384 --> 01:29:45,719 Well, let's make sure we're not the ones 1854 01:29:45,752 --> 01:29:47,530 to make that possible. 1855 01:29:53,760 --> 01:29:56,663 Oppie, I don't think you want to go up against Strauss. 1856 01:29:56,696 --> 01:29:58,765 If we both speak, they listen to me. 1857 01:29:58,798 --> 01:30:00,867 When you speak, they hear a prophet. 1858 01:30:00,900 --> 01:30:02,869 When Strauss speaks, they hear themselves. 1859 01:30:02,902 --> 01:30:04,704 They'll listen to a prophet. 1860 01:30:04,738 --> 01:30:08,800 A prophet can't be wrong. Not once. 1861 01:30:08,410 --> 01:30:09,809 Didn't you accuse Oppenheimer 1862 01:30:09,843 --> 01:30:11,745 of sabotaging the development of the Super? 1863 01:30:11,778 --> 01:30:13,380 I was never one of those 1864 01:30:13,413 --> 01:30:16,683 to bandy around terms like "sabotage." 1865 01:30:16,716 --> 01:30:18,685 But Mr. Borden was? 1866 01:30:18,718 --> 01:30:19,986 As I understand it, possibly. 1867 01:30:20,200 --> 01:30:22,122 How was Mr. Borden able to put together 1868 01:30:22,155 --> 01:30:23,423 such a detailed indictment? 1869 01:30:23,456 --> 01:30:24,991 He was no longer a government employee, 1870 01:30:25,250 --> 01:30:27,660 yet he appears to have had unlimited access 1871 01:30:27,694 --> 01:30:29,195 to Dr. Oppenheimer's file. 1872 01:30:29,229 --> 01:30:32,132 Might Mr. Nichols have given him access to the file? 1873 01:30:32,165 --> 01:30:34,670 Or someone else, at the AEC? 1874 01:30:34,100 --> 01:30:36,936 That's a very serious accusation, Senator. 1875 01:30:36,970 --> 01:30:39,439 Is it your intention to suggest that Dr. Oppenheimer 1876 01:30:39,472 --> 01:30:41,408 is disloyal to the United States? 1877 01:30:41,441 --> 01:30:43,977 I've always assumed, and still assume, 1878 01:30:44,100 --> 01:30:46,713 that he's loyal to the United States. 1879 01:30:46,746 --> 01:30:48,181 I believe this. And I shall believe it 1880 01:30:48,214 --> 01:30:51,170 until I see very conclusive proof to the opposite. 1881 01:30:51,510 --> 01:30:52,819 Do you or do you not believe 1882 01:30:52,852 --> 01:30:55,221 that Dr. Oppenheimer is a security risk? 1883 01:31:03,430 --> 01:31:05,650 And if I may, 1884 01:31:05,980 --> 01:31:07,901 when Hitler blew his brains out in that bunker, 1885 01:31:07,934 --> 01:31:09,469 it's my humble opinion that there is no need 1886 01:31:09,502 --> 01:31:10,970 for that bomb to be seen anywhere 1887 01:31:11,400 --> 01:31:12,772 except for that test site. 1888 01:31:12,806 --> 01:31:14,808 But we at least have to take a moment 1889 01:31:14,841 --> 01:31:16,843 to think about whether the means 1890 01:31:16,876 --> 01:31:19,145 justify the ends any longer, because... 1891 01:31:21,481 --> 01:31:24,500 Germany is about to surrender. 1892 01:31:25,952 --> 01:31:29,289 It's no longer the enemy who are the greatest threat 1893 01:31:29,322 --> 01:31:31,124 to mankind, it's our work. 1894 01:31:33,526 --> 01:31:36,262 Hitler's dead, it's true. 1895 01:31:37,964 --> 01:31:39,499 But the Japanese fight on. 1896 01:31:39,532 --> 01:31:41,201 Their defeat seems assured. 1897 01:31:41,234 --> 01:31:44,237 Not if you're a G.I. preparing to invade. 1898 01:31:45,538 --> 01:31:46,840 We can end this war. 1899 01:31:46,873 --> 01:31:48,274 But how do we justify 1900 01:31:48,308 --> 01:31:49,876 using this weapon on human beings? 1901 01:31:52,912 --> 01:31:56,316 We're theorists, yes? 1902 01:31:56,349 --> 01:31:57,951 Yes. Yep. 1903 01:31:57,984 --> 01:32:02,220 We imagine a future and our imaginings horrify us. 1904 01:32:03,890 --> 01:32:05,225 But they won't fear it until they understand it, 1905 01:32:05,258 --> 01:32:08,161 and they won't understand it until they've used it. 1906 01:32:08,194 --> 01:32:09,362 When the world learns 1907 01:32:09,396 --> 01:32:11,898 the terrible secret of Los Alamos, 1908 01:32:11,931 --> 01:32:15,368 our work here will ensure a peace mankind has never seen. 1909 01:32:15,402 --> 01:32:18,772 A peace based on the kind of international cooperation 1910 01:32:18,805 --> 01:32:20,840 that Roosevelt always envisaged. 1911 01:32:25,945 --> 01:32:27,180 Progress? 1912 01:32:27,213 --> 01:32:29,983 Two years and a billion dollars' worth? 1913 01:32:30,160 --> 01:32:31,785 Well, hard to put a price on it. 1914 01:32:31,818 --> 01:32:33,386 Not really, just add up the bills. 1915 01:32:33,420 --> 01:32:35,121 "Rural free deliveries." 1916 01:32:35,155 --> 01:32:37,924 Eighty babies delivered the first year. 1917 01:32:37,957 --> 01:32:40,293 This year, we've had ten a month. 1918 01:32:40,326 --> 01:32:43,630 Birth control is a little out of my jurisdiction, General. 1919 01:32:43,930 --> 01:32:46,266 -Clearly. -General. 1920 01:32:51,237 --> 01:32:52,572 Head down, everyone. 1921 01:32:52,605 --> 01:32:54,774 Fuchs, head down. 1922 01:32:57,277 --> 01:32:58,445 Hmm? 1923 01:33:01,314 --> 01:33:03,490 That's the one. 1924 01:33:03,830 --> 01:33:05,985 Two viable bombs. I need a date. 1925 01:33:08,288 --> 01:33:10,123 September. 1926 01:33:10,156 --> 01:33:11,157 July. 1927 01:33:11,191 --> 01:33:13,126 That's the sweet spot, gentlemen. 1928 01:33:13,159 --> 01:33:15,328 August. 1929 01:33:15,362 --> 01:33:17,970 July. 1930 01:33:17,130 --> 01:33:18,932 Test in July. 1931 01:33:18,965 --> 01:33:20,600 But I need my brother. 1932 01:33:24,971 --> 01:33:26,906 Frank knows the desert, he's left politics behind, 1933 01:33:26,940 --> 01:33:29,376 he's been working with Lawrence for two years now. 1934 01:33:36,349 --> 01:33:38,184 What do we call the test? 1935 01:33:39,285 --> 01:33:43,560 "Batter my heart, three-person'd god." 1936 01:33:43,890 --> 01:33:44,190 What? 1937 01:33:45,558 --> 01:33:46,960 Trinity. 1938 01:33:54,634 --> 01:33:56,200 You insisted 1939 01:33:56,360 --> 01:33:57,337 on bringing on your brother Frank, 1940 01:33:57,370 --> 01:33:58,972 -a known Communist. -A former Communist. 1941 01:33:59,500 --> 01:34:01,441 You brought a known former Communist 1942 01:34:01,474 --> 01:34:05,345 onto America's most secret and important defense project. 1943 01:34:05,378 --> 01:34:08,481 I knew my brother could be trusted. Absolutely. 1944 01:34:08,515 --> 01:34:10,483 And you felt your judgment was sound 1945 01:34:10,517 --> 01:34:12,352 on who on the team could be trusted? 1946 01:34:13,353 --> 01:34:14,487 Fuchs, head down. 1947 01:34:14,521 --> 01:34:16,256 Okay, everybody ready? 1948 01:34:17,624 --> 01:34:19,559 Hmm? 1949 01:34:19,592 --> 01:34:21,361 Oh. 1950 01:34:24,497 --> 01:34:25,632 Oh. 1951 01:34:25,665 --> 01:34:27,400 Well, I hope you learned something. 1952 01:34:27,434 --> 01:34:29,335 Yeah, we learned we're gonna need to be a lot further away. 1953 01:34:29,369 --> 01:34:30,937 Well, figure it out. Fast. 1954 01:34:30,970 --> 01:34:32,639 We leave for Washington in the morning. 1955 01:34:32,672 --> 01:34:34,874 We're gonna give them a date. 1956 01:34:49,220 --> 01:34:50,690 You're a long way from Chicago, Leo. 1957 01:34:50,724 --> 01:34:52,225 If we don't act now, 1958 01:34:52,258 --> 01:34:53,960 they're going to use this thing against Japan. 1959 01:34:53,993 --> 01:34:55,962 We booked a meeting with Truman, 1960 01:34:55,995 --> 01:34:57,263 but somebody killed it. 1961 01:34:57,297 --> 01:34:59,165 You're meeting the Secretary of War. 1962 01:34:59,199 --> 01:35:01,368 Just because we're building it, 1963 01:35:01,401 --> 01:35:03,403 doesn't mean we get to decide how it's used. 1964 01:35:03,436 --> 01:35:06,206 History will judge us, Robert. 1965 01:35:06,239 --> 01:35:09,542 In Chicago, we put together a petition. 1966 01:35:09,576 --> 01:35:11,511 I'm not... I'm not getting into that. 1967 01:35:16,583 --> 01:35:18,518 Just tell me your concerns, and I'll relay them. 1968 01:35:18,551 --> 01:35:19,652 My concerns? 1969 01:35:19,686 --> 01:35:21,654 Germany's defeated. 1970 01:35:21,688 --> 01:35:23,456 Japan's not going to hold out alone. 1971 01:35:23,490 --> 01:35:25,392 How could you know that? You got us into this. 1972 01:35:25,425 --> 01:35:27,193 You and Einstein with your letter to Roosevelt 1973 01:35:27,227 --> 01:35:30,300 -saying we could build a bomb. -Against Germany. 1974 01:35:30,630 --> 01:35:32,999 That's not how weapons manufacture works, Szilard. 1975 01:35:33,330 --> 01:35:34,167 Oppie, you have to help. 1976 01:35:34,200 --> 01:35:35,502 Fermi's in the meeting. 1977 01:35:35,535 --> 01:35:37,103 -Lawrence is in the meeting. -They're not you. 1978 01:35:37,137 --> 01:35:39,305 You're the great salesman of science. 1979 01:35:39,339 --> 01:35:41,941 You can convince anyone of anything. 1980 01:35:42,642 --> 01:35:44,440 Even yourself. 1981 01:35:44,644 --> 01:35:46,460 'Scuse me. 1982 01:35:47,800 --> 01:35:50,350 The firestorm in Tokyo killed 100,000 people. 1983 01:35:50,383 --> 01:35:52,185 Mostly civilians. 1984 01:35:52,218 --> 01:35:54,754 I worry about an America where we do these things 1985 01:35:54,788 --> 01:35:56,523 and no one protests. 1986 01:35:56,556 --> 01:35:59,592 Pearl Harbor and three years of brutal conflict in the Pacific 1987 01:35:59,626 --> 01:36:02,162 bought us a lot of latitude with the American public. 1988 01:36:02,195 --> 01:36:04,230 Enough to unleash the atomic bomb? 1989 01:36:04,264 --> 01:36:06,132 Uh, the A-bomb might not cause 1990 01:36:06,166 --> 01:36:08,680 as much damage as the Tokyo bombings. 1991 01:36:08,101 --> 01:36:09,469 What are we estimating? 1992 01:36:09,502 --> 01:36:12,338 In a medium-size city, uh, 1993 01:36:12,372 --> 01:36:13,773 20 or 30,000 dead. 1994 01:36:13,807 --> 01:36:15,608 Yes, but, uh, 1995 01:36:15,642 --> 01:36:18,678 don't underestimate the psychological impact of a... 1996 01:36:18,712 --> 01:36:20,113 of an atomic explosion. 1997 01:36:20,146 --> 01:36:24,384 A pillar of fire 10,000 feet tall. 1998 01:36:24,417 --> 01:36:27,754 Deadly neutron effects for a mile, in all directions, 1999 01:36:27,787 --> 01:36:30,690 from one single device. 2000 01:36:30,724 --> 01:36:33,590 Dropped from a barely noticed B-29, 2001 01:36:33,930 --> 01:36:35,362 the atomic bomb will be 2002 01:36:35,395 --> 01:36:38,231 a terrible revelation of divine power. 2003 01:36:38,264 --> 01:36:41,534 If that's true, it would be definitive. 2004 01:36:41,568 --> 01:36:43,636 World War II would be over. 2005 01:36:43,670 --> 01:36:45,372 Our boys would come home. 2006 01:36:45,405 --> 01:36:46,539 Military targets? 2007 01:36:47,674 --> 01:36:50,343 Uh, there aren't any big enough. 2008 01:36:50,377 --> 01:36:56,149 Perhaps a vital war plant with workers housed nearby. 2009 01:36:56,182 --> 01:36:58,518 And we could issue a warning to reduce civilian casualties. 2010 01:36:58,551 --> 01:37:00,720 They'd send everything they have up against us, 2011 01:37:00,754 --> 01:37:02,355 and I'd be up in that plane. 2012 01:37:02,389 --> 01:37:05,592 But if we announce it and it fails to go off, 2013 01:37:05,625 --> 01:37:08,328 we'd scupper any chance of a Japanese surrender. 2014 01:37:08,361 --> 01:37:11,464 Is there no way to demonstrate a bomb to Japan 2015 01:37:11,498 --> 01:37:13,199 to provoke surrender? 2016 01:37:13,233 --> 01:37:16,302 We intend to demonstrate it in the most unambiguous terms. 2017 01:37:16,336 --> 01:37:17,370 Twice. 2018 01:37:17,700 --> 01:37:19,139 Once to show the weapon's power 2019 01:37:19,172 --> 01:37:21,675 and a second to show that we can keep doing this 2020 01:37:21,708 --> 01:37:23,209 until they surrender. 2021 01:37:23,243 --> 01:37:26,613 We have a list of 12 cities to choose from... 2022 01:37:26,646 --> 01:37:28,548 Sorry, 11. 2023 01:37:28,581 --> 01:37:30,283 I've taken Kyoto off the list 2024 01:37:30,316 --> 01:37:34,120 due to its cultural significance to the Japanese people. 2025 01:37:34,154 --> 01:37:36,790 Also, my wife and I honeymooned there. 2026 01:37:36,823 --> 01:37:38,324 It's a magnificent city. 2027 01:37:41,895 --> 01:37:43,596 Let me make this simple for you, gentlemen. 2028 01:37:43,630 --> 01:37:46,132 According to my intelligence, which I cannot share with you, 2029 01:37:46,166 --> 01:37:48,601 the Japanese people will not surrender 2030 01:37:48,635 --> 01:37:50,403 under any circumstances 2031 01:37:50,437 --> 01:37:53,840 short of a successful and total invasion of the home islands. 2032 01:37:53,873 --> 01:37:56,843 Many lives will be lost, American and Japanese. 2033 01:37:56,876 --> 01:37:59,112 The use of the atomic bomb on Japanese cities 2034 01:37:59,145 --> 01:38:01,114 will save lives. 2035 01:38:01,147 --> 01:38:03,450 If we retain moral advantage. 2036 01:38:03,483 --> 01:38:05,618 -How so? -Well, if we use this weapon 2037 01:38:05,652 --> 01:38:08,588 without informing our allies, they'll see it as a threat. 2038 01:38:08,621 --> 01:38:09,789 And we'll be in an arms race. 2039 01:38:09,823 --> 01:38:11,891 How open can we be with the Soviets? 2040 01:38:11,925 --> 01:38:13,493 Secrecy won't stop the Soviets 2041 01:38:13,526 --> 01:38:15,895 from becoming part of the atomic world. 2042 01:38:15,929 --> 01:38:18,231 We've been told they have no uranium. 2043 01:38:18,264 --> 01:38:19,466 You've been misinformed. 2044 01:38:19,499 --> 01:38:21,334 A Russian bomb is a matter of time. 2045 01:38:21,368 --> 01:38:24,771 The program needs to continue at full pace after the war. 2046 01:38:24,804 --> 01:38:27,407 Uh, Secretary Stimson, if I may... 2047 01:38:27,440 --> 01:38:31,444 Not all scientists on the project are in agreement. 2048 01:38:31,478 --> 01:38:34,347 In fact, this might be a moment to consider other opinions. 2049 01:38:34,381 --> 01:38:36,282 -If you talk a scientist in... -The Manhattan Project 2050 01:38:36,316 --> 01:38:37,684 has been plagued from the start 2051 01:38:37,717 --> 01:38:41,521 by certain scientists of doubtful discretion 2052 01:38:41,554 --> 01:38:42,622 and uncertain loyalty. 2053 01:38:42,655 --> 01:38:44,891 One of them just tried to meet with the president. 2054 01:38:44,924 --> 01:38:46,760 Now, we need these men, 2055 01:38:46,793 --> 01:38:48,328 but as soon as it's practical, 2056 01:38:48,361 --> 01:38:50,630 we should sever any such scientists from the program. 2057 01:38:50,663 --> 01:38:52,232 Wouldn't you agree, Doctor? 2058 01:38:53,366 --> 01:38:55,201 If a Russian bomb is inevitable, 2059 01:38:55,235 --> 01:38:58,505 perhaps we should invite their top scientists to Trinity. 2060 01:38:58,538 --> 01:39:00,840 President Truman has no intention 2061 01:39:00,874 --> 01:39:02,442 of raising expectations 2062 01:39:02,475 --> 01:39:05,278 that Stalin be included in the atomic project. 2063 01:39:05,311 --> 01:39:06,680 Informing him of our breakthrough 2064 01:39:06,713 --> 01:39:08,314 and presenting it as a means to win the war 2065 01:39:08,348 --> 01:39:11,251 need not make unkeepable promises. 2066 01:39:11,284 --> 01:39:12,819 But the Potsdam peace conference in July 2067 01:39:12,852 --> 01:39:14,754 will be President Truman's last chance 2068 01:39:14,788 --> 01:39:16,923 to have that conversation. 2069 01:39:16,956 --> 01:39:18,858 Can you give us a working bomb by then? 2070 01:39:19,826 --> 01:39:23,563 Absolutely. We will test fire before the conference. 2071 01:39:28,301 --> 01:39:30,837 Ground zero observation posts 2072 01:39:30,870 --> 01:39:32,338 at 10,000 yards 2073 01:39:32,372 --> 01:39:34,541 north, south and west. 2074 01:39:34,574 --> 01:39:37,877 -Where do we trigger from? -Uh, south 10,000. 2075 01:39:37,911 --> 01:39:41,247 And base camp is ten miles south, here. 2076 01:39:41,281 --> 01:39:44,217 And there's a further observation post 2077 01:39:44,250 --> 01:39:46,419 on-on that hill 20 miles away. 2078 01:39:46,453 --> 01:39:49,422 What's that, Frank? Trigger lines already went in. 2079 01:39:49,456 --> 01:39:52,959 The Air Force requested a line of lights for their B-29. 2080 01:39:52,992 --> 01:39:55,428 What B-29? Our bomb's on the tower. 2081 01:39:55,462 --> 01:39:56,830 They want to use the test 2082 01:39:56,863 --> 01:39:58,698 to confirm a safe operating distance. 2083 01:39:58,732 --> 01:39:59,966 That's risky. 2084 01:39:59,999 --> 01:40:01,634 Not as risky as dropping one over Japan 2085 01:40:01,668 --> 01:40:03,436 and hoping that we were right about the blast radius. 2086 01:40:03,470 --> 01:40:05,572 Don't let them slow us down, we're firing on the 15th. 2087 01:40:05,605 --> 01:40:08,842 -The 15th? That's not... -The 15th. 2088 01:40:08,875 --> 01:40:11,211 The 15th. 2089 01:40:12,312 --> 01:40:14,247 So I'll be here at South Observation point 2090 01:40:14,280 --> 01:40:16,483 with Frank and Kistiakowsky. 2091 01:40:16,516 --> 01:40:19,190 You'll all be assigned to Base Camp, 2092 01:40:19,520 --> 01:40:22,255 West Observation or Far Observation. 2093 01:40:31,898 --> 01:40:33,800 Whoa, whoa. Careful with the knife. 2094 01:40:33,833 --> 01:40:36,269 There, carefully. 2095 01:40:37,370 --> 01:40:38,905 Are those safe distances? 2096 01:40:38,938 --> 01:40:41,441 They're based on your calculations. 2097 01:40:41,474 --> 01:40:44,377 Time to stand behind your science, Hans. Literally. 2098 01:41:07,801 --> 01:41:09,269 Yeah. 2099 01:41:13,940 --> 01:41:15,775 What 'bout the radiation cloud? 2100 01:41:15,809 --> 01:41:17,430 Without high winds, 2101 01:41:17,770 --> 01:41:18,645 it should settle within two to three miles. 2102 01:41:18,678 --> 01:41:21,810 Evacuation measures are in place. 2103 01:41:21,114 --> 01:41:22,916 But we need good weather for visibility, 2104 01:41:22,949 --> 01:41:24,417 so it has to be fine. 2105 01:41:25,518 --> 01:41:26,786 Everybody out. 2106 01:41:36,963 --> 01:41:38,980 We go on the night of the 15th. 2107 01:41:38,131 --> 01:41:40,660 It's a hard deadline, 2108 01:41:40,100 --> 01:41:43,403 so if anyone has anything, speak now. 2109 01:41:44,104 --> 01:41:45,438 Okay, stop, stop. 2110 01:41:45,472 --> 01:41:47,340 Everybody, mattresses. 2111 01:41:47,374 --> 01:41:49,442 Put the mattress underneath. 2112 01:42:06,426 --> 01:42:09,329 Could use a final implosion test. 2113 01:42:10,300 --> 01:42:11,998 It couldn't hurt. 2114 01:42:12,320 --> 01:42:13,533 Do it. 2115 01:42:14,501 --> 01:42:16,803 Is there anything else that might stop us? 2116 01:42:50,904 --> 01:42:53,807 It's happening, isn't it? 2117 01:42:54,908 --> 01:42:56,676 I'll send a message. 2118 01:42:57,544 --> 01:43:00,180 If it's gone our way, 2119 01:43:00,213 --> 01:43:01,781 take in the sheets. 2120 01:43:05,819 --> 01:43:06,853 Robert? 2121 01:43:09,522 --> 01:43:10,957 Break a leg. 2122 01:44:17,524 --> 01:44:20,660 Oppie's taken a very modest three kilotons. 2123 01:44:20,694 --> 01:44:23,630 -Teller's in with 45. -20. 2124 01:44:23,960 --> 01:44:25,532 Twenty thousand tons of TNT, 2125 01:44:25,565 --> 01:44:26,966 and does anyone want the side action 2126 01:44:27,000 --> 01:44:29,736 on atmospheric ignition? 2127 01:44:30,704 --> 01:44:33,640 Are you saying we'll have to delay? 2128 01:44:33,673 --> 01:44:34,841 I'm saying it would be prudent. 2129 01:44:34,874 --> 01:44:36,109 This weather, has it reached the site? 2130 01:44:41,948 --> 01:44:43,917 Bethe is calling to tell you the implosion test failed. 2131 01:44:43,950 --> 01:44:45,585 Hello, Hans. 2132 01:44:45,618 --> 01:44:47,200 Yes, he's here. 2133 01:44:47,854 --> 01:44:49,189 Yes. 2134 01:44:51,758 --> 01:44:52,959 -Is he wrong? -No. 2135 01:44:52,992 --> 01:44:54,894 -No? -No. 2136 01:44:55,729 --> 01:44:57,297 So we're about to fire a dud? 2137 01:44:57,330 --> 01:44:58,798 -No. -Explain. 2138 01:44:58,832 --> 01:45:01,601 Well, I can't. I just... I-I just know. 2139 01:45:01,634 --> 01:45:03,303 I know the implosion lenses will work. 2140 01:45:03,336 --> 01:45:04,738 If we fire these detonators 2141 01:45:04,771 --> 01:45:06,500 and they don't trigger a reaction, 2142 01:45:06,390 --> 01:45:07,707 two years' worth of plutonium 2143 01:45:07,741 --> 01:45:09,142 will be scattered across White Sands. 2144 01:45:09,175 --> 01:45:13,790 A month of my salary against ten bucks says it lights. 2145 01:45:13,113 --> 01:45:15,115 Jesus. 2146 01:45:20,186 --> 01:45:23,323 The wind's picking up at zero, not the rain. 2147 01:45:23,356 --> 01:45:24,791 Lightning's circling. 2148 01:45:24,824 --> 01:45:26,259 You think it might be time to tell your men 2149 01:45:26,292 --> 01:45:29,195 to get away from the steel tower with the atomic bomb? 2150 01:45:32,332 --> 01:45:34,300 Let's get to South Observation. 2151 01:45:34,334 --> 01:45:35,802 Pull 'em out. 2152 01:45:35,835 --> 01:45:37,237 We can make our determination there. 2153 01:45:42,642 --> 01:45:44,644 The team hasn't slept in two nights. 2154 01:45:44,678 --> 01:45:46,680 If we stand down, make the bomb safe, 2155 01:45:46,713 --> 01:45:48,480 we won't be back here for weeks. 2156 01:45:48,810 --> 01:45:49,749 Then we'll miss Potsdam. 2157 01:45:49,783 --> 01:45:51,685 I gotta get word to Truman by 7:00. 2158 01:45:51,718 --> 01:45:52,952 Our window's closing. 2159 01:45:52,986 --> 01:45:54,540 What is this doing? 2160 01:45:54,870 --> 01:45:55,588 Raining, blowing, lightning. 2161 01:45:55,622 --> 01:45:57,657 -For how long, damn it? -It's holdin' strong. 2162 01:45:57,691 --> 01:45:58,992 It'll break before dawn. 2163 01:45:59,250 --> 01:46:00,694 -How could you know that? -I know this desert. 2164 01:46:00,727 --> 01:46:01,828 Storm cools overnight. 2165 01:46:01,861 --> 01:46:03,663 Just before dawn, the storm breaks. 2166 01:46:03,697 --> 01:46:05,899 He could be right, but schedule as late as possible. 2167 01:46:05,932 --> 01:46:07,667 5:30! 2168 01:46:07,701 --> 01:46:08,735 Sign your forecast. 2169 01:46:08,768 --> 01:46:09,836 If you're wrong, I'll hang you. 2170 01:46:09,869 --> 01:46:11,671 Frank, tell them all, 5:30. 2171 01:46:11,705 --> 01:46:13,840 -5:30, 5:30. -5:30. 2172 01:46:16,420 --> 01:46:20,980 Three years, 4,000 people, $2 billion. 2173 01:46:21,140 --> 01:46:23,383 Well, if it doesn't go off... 2174 01:46:23,416 --> 01:46:25,180 we're both finished. 2175 01:46:27,787 --> 01:46:29,756 I'm betting on three kilotons. 2176 01:46:30,724 --> 01:46:32,158 Anything less, they won't get what it is. 2177 01:46:32,192 --> 01:46:36,763 What did Fermi mean by "atmospheric ignition"? 2178 01:46:36,796 --> 01:46:38,264 Well, we had a moment where it looked like 2179 01:46:38,298 --> 01:46:42,135 the chain reaction from an atomic device might never stop. 2180 01:46:43,370 --> 01:46:45,405 Setting fire to the atmosphere. 2181 01:46:45,438 --> 01:46:47,407 Why is Fermi still taking side bets on it? 2182 01:46:47,440 --> 01:46:50,610 Call it gallows humor. 2183 01:46:52,946 --> 01:46:55,749 Wait, are we saying there's a chance 2184 01:46:55,782 --> 01:46:57,650 that when we push that button, 2185 01:46:57,684 --> 01:46:59,190 we destroy the world? 2186 01:46:59,520 --> 01:47:01,221 Nothing in our research over three years 2187 01:47:01,254 --> 01:47:02,889 supports that conclusion. 2188 01:47:02,922 --> 01:47:05,892 Except as the most remote possibility. 2189 01:47:05,925 --> 01:47:07,260 How remote? 2190 01:47:07,293 --> 01:47:08,895 Chances are near zero. 2191 01:47:10,230 --> 01:47:11,631 Near zero? 2192 01:47:12,399 --> 01:47:14,968 What do you want from theory alone? 2193 01:47:16,469 --> 01:47:18,838 Zero would be nice. 2194 01:47:22,142 --> 01:47:23,777 In exactly 2195 01:47:23,810 --> 01:47:27,113 one hour, 58 minutes, 2196 01:47:27,147 --> 01:47:28,682 we'll know. 2197 01:47:34,721 --> 01:47:35,922 It's letting up. 2198 01:47:48,802 --> 01:47:51,171 The arming party's left Zero, they're heading this way. 2199 01:47:51,204 --> 01:47:52,172 Throwing the switches. 2200 01:47:52,205 --> 01:47:53,306 Turn the cars. 2201 01:47:53,340 --> 01:47:55,809 Ready for emergency evacuation. 2202 01:48:13,493 --> 01:48:14,728 ...welder's glass. 2203 01:48:14,761 --> 01:48:16,329 Everybody take your places. 2204 01:48:16,363 --> 01:48:18,865 Everybody take a welder's glass. 2205 01:48:20,367 --> 01:48:22,235 Everybody take a welder's glass. 2206 01:49:13,453 --> 01:49:14,854 Twenty minutes. 2207 01:49:18,358 --> 01:49:20,193 Twenty minutes. 2208 01:49:31,371 --> 01:49:32,906 That's 20. 2209 01:49:35,909 --> 01:49:37,377 On the leg, please. 2210 01:49:38,912 --> 01:49:41,414 -Feynman. -No. 2211 01:49:41,448 --> 01:49:43,416 The glass. Stops the U.V. 2212 01:49:43,450 --> 01:49:45,251 And what stops the glass? 2213 01:49:46,252 --> 01:49:49,222 I'm gonna head to base camp. Best of luck. 2214 01:49:50,357 --> 01:49:51,891 Robert. 2215 01:49:52,492 --> 01:49:54,327 Try not to blow up the world. 2216 01:50:06,206 --> 01:50:07,307 Watch that needle. 2217 01:50:07,340 --> 01:50:08,908 If the detonators don't charge 2218 01:50:08,942 --> 01:50:10,877 or the voltage drops below one volt, 2219 01:50:10,910 --> 01:50:12,912 you hit that button, you abort. 2220 01:50:12,946 --> 01:50:15,248 -Understood? -Understood. 2221 01:50:22,655 --> 01:50:25,191 Two minutes to detonation. 2222 01:50:25,225 --> 01:50:27,193 Everybody down. 2223 01:50:27,227 --> 01:50:28,194 Do not turn around 2224 01:50:28,228 --> 01:50:31,297 until you see light reflected on the hills. 2225 01:50:31,331 --> 01:50:32,465 Then look at the explosion 2226 01:50:32,499 --> 01:50:34,134 only through your welder's glass. 2227 01:50:34,167 --> 01:50:36,870 Ninety seconds to detonation. 2228 01:50:38,505 --> 01:50:41,341 Ninety seconds to detonation. 2229 01:50:41,374 --> 01:50:43,476 Is it rubbed in? 2230 01:50:43,510 --> 01:50:44,878 Yeah. 2231 01:50:51,217 --> 01:50:54,320 Sixty seconds to detonation. 2232 01:51:09,200 --> 01:51:11,237 These things are hard on your heart. 2233 01:51:11,271 --> 01:51:12,972 Thirty seconds. 2234 01:51:18,780 --> 01:51:19,479 Detonators charged. 2235 01:51:29,622 --> 01:51:33,930 Seventeen, sixteen, 2236 01:51:33,126 --> 01:51:34,294 fifteen, 2237 01:51:34,327 --> 01:51:35,495 fourteen, 2238 01:51:35,528 --> 01:51:37,330 thirteen, 2239 01:51:37,364 --> 01:51:39,532 twelve, 2240 01:51:39,566 --> 01:51:41,234 eleven, 2241 01:51:41,267 --> 01:51:43,236 ten, 2242 01:51:43,269 --> 01:51:45,672 nine, 2243 01:51:45,705 --> 01:51:47,674 eight, 2244 01:51:47,707 --> 01:51:50,276 seven, 2245 01:51:50,310 --> 01:51:52,679 six... 2246 01:51:52,712 --> 01:51:54,180 ...five... 2247 01:51:56,182 --> 01:51:58,651 ...four... 2248 01:51:58,685 --> 01:52:00,620 three... 2249 01:52:00,653 --> 01:52:02,188 two... 2250 01:52:03,490 --> 01:52:04,557 ...one. 2251 01:52:26,790 --> 01:52:28,140 Poof. 2252 01:53:36,816 --> 01:53:40,186 "And now I am become Death. 2253 01:53:42,880 --> 01:53:44,257 The destroyer of worlds." 2254 01:54:17,257 --> 01:54:18,625 It worked. 2255 01:54:53,860 --> 01:54:55,862 -You owe me ten dollars! -Oh! 2256 01:54:58,198 --> 01:54:59,332 -Come on! -Hang on. 2257 01:54:59,366 --> 01:55:00,800 I'm good for it, Kisty. 2258 01:55:00,834 --> 01:55:03,136 You are. 2259 01:55:03,169 --> 01:55:05,872 Yes, you are! 2260 01:55:29,963 --> 01:55:31,498 Well done. 2261 01:55:33,199 --> 01:55:35,735 We did it! We did it! 2262 01:55:35,769 --> 01:55:37,670 Well done. 2263 01:55:42,475 --> 01:55:44,310 -Get me Potsdam right away. -Yes, sir. 2264 01:55:55,789 --> 01:55:57,557 Get a message to Kitty. 2265 01:55:57,590 --> 01:55:58,291 We can't say anything. 2266 01:55:58,324 --> 01:56:00,260 Tell her to take in the sheets. 2267 01:56:08,268 --> 01:56:09,803 We did it, everyone! 2268 01:56:14,674 --> 01:56:16,476 Hello? 2269 01:56:16,509 --> 01:56:18,945 -Hi, Kitty? -What, what? Charlotte... 2270 01:56:18,978 --> 01:56:20,347 Charlotte, go ahead, go ahead. 2271 01:56:20,380 --> 01:56:21,748 Oh, um, well, I don't know, 2272 01:56:21,781 --> 01:56:24,984 he just said to tell you to "bring in the sheets." 2273 01:56:27,687 --> 01:56:29,255 Kitty? 2274 01:56:30,357 --> 01:56:32,792 Kitty? Kitty, are you still there? 2275 01:56:39,699 --> 01:56:41,835 If they detonate it too high in the air, 2276 01:56:41,868 --> 01:56:43,236 the blast won't be as powerful. 2277 01:56:43,269 --> 01:56:45,305 With respect, Dr. Oppenheimer, 2278 01:56:45,338 --> 01:56:47,374 we'll take it from here. 2279 01:56:57,617 --> 01:57:00,520 Did Truman brief Stalin at Potsdam? 2280 01:57:00,553 --> 01:57:03,289 A brief would be an overstatement. 2281 01:57:03,323 --> 01:57:07,394 He referred to a powerful new weapon. 2282 01:57:07,427 --> 01:57:12,499 Stalin hoped we'd use it against Japan. 2283 01:57:13,733 --> 01:57:15,468 That's it? 2284 01:57:15,502 --> 01:57:18,738 Robert, we've given them an ace, it's for them to play the hand. 2285 01:57:20,874 --> 01:57:22,976 You're aiming for the 6th? 2286 01:57:23,900 --> 01:57:25,311 It's up to the CO in the Pacific. 2287 01:57:26,646 --> 01:57:28,715 Shall I come with you to Washington? 2288 01:57:30,316 --> 01:57:31,551 What for? 2289 01:57:33,820 --> 01:57:35,422 Well, you'll keep me informed. 2290 01:57:36,756 --> 01:57:38,391 Of course. 2291 01:57:39,959 --> 01:57:41,561 As best I can. 2292 01:57:58,978 --> 01:58:01,848 Would the Japanese surrender if they knew what was coming? 2293 01:58:03,830 --> 01:58:04,684 I don't know. 2294 01:58:07,870 --> 01:58:09,890 Have you seen Szilard's petition? 2295 01:58:09,122 --> 01:58:11,858 What the hell does Szilard know about the Japanese? 2296 01:58:11,891 --> 01:58:13,930 You're not signing it, are you? 2297 01:58:13,126 --> 01:58:16,529 Many people have. A lot of people have. 2298 01:58:16,563 --> 01:58:17,697 Edward. 2299 01:58:18,965 --> 01:58:20,633 The fact that we built this bomb 2300 01:58:20,667 --> 01:58:23,670 does not give us any more... any more right or responsibility 2301 01:58:23,703 --> 01:58:25,805 to decide how it's used than anyone else. 2302 01:58:25,839 --> 01:58:27,841 But we're the only people who know about it. 2303 01:58:27,874 --> 01:58:31,444 I've told Stimson the various opinions of the community. 2304 01:58:31,478 --> 01:58:32,879 But what's your opinion? 2305 01:58:34,114 --> 01:58:35,648 Once it's used... 2306 01:58:36,750 --> 01:58:40,453 ...nuclear war, perhaps all war... 2307 01:58:42,550 --> 01:58:43,490 ...becomes unthinkable. 2308 01:58:43,523 --> 01:58:46,526 Until somebody builds a bigger bomb. 2309 01:59:07,113 --> 01:59:08,848 I thought they would call. 2310 01:59:08,882 --> 01:59:10,450 It's only the 5th. 2311 01:59:12,619 --> 01:59:14,621 In Japan, it's the 6th. 2312 01:59:27,767 --> 01:59:28,768 Charlotte. 2313 01:59:31,104 --> 01:59:32,806 Try Groves. 2314 01:59:33,807 --> 01:59:34,874 Anything? 2315 01:59:37,177 --> 01:59:38,545 Charlotte? 2316 01:59:38,578 --> 01:59:39,879 Truman's on the radio. 2317 01:59:40,814 --> 01:59:43,717 Sixteen hours ago, 2318 01:59:43,750 --> 01:59:49,656 an American airplane dropped one bomb on Hiroshima... 2319 01:59:50,690 --> 01:59:53,827 ...and destroyed its usefulness to the enemy. 2320 01:59:55,795 --> 02:00:01,668 The bomb had more power than 20,000 tons of TNT. 2321 02:00:03,136 --> 02:00:05,605 It is an atomic bomb. 2322 02:00:08,808 --> 02:00:10,176 It is a harnessing 2323 02:00:10,210 --> 02:00:12,979 of the basic powers of the universe. 2324 02:00:15,150 --> 02:00:16,649 Groves on one. 2325 02:00:16,683 --> 02:00:19,719 We are now prepared to destroy more rapidly 2326 02:00:19,753 --> 02:00:22,550 and completely the Japanese... 2327 02:00:22,880 --> 02:00:23,757 General? 2328 02:00:23,790 --> 02:00:26,826 I'm very proud of you and all of your people. 2329 02:00:26,860 --> 02:00:28,194 It went all right? 2330 02:00:28,228 --> 02:00:31,197 Apparently, it went with a tremendous bang. 2331 02:00:31,231 --> 02:00:32,866 Well, 2332 02:00:32,899 --> 02:00:35,835 everyone here is feeling reasonably good about it. 2333 02:00:37,270 --> 02:00:38,905 It's been a long road. 2334 02:00:38,938 --> 02:00:41,741 I think one of the wisest things I ever did 2335 02:00:41,775 --> 02:00:44,811 was when I selected the director of Los Alamos. 2336 02:00:47,180 --> 02:00:49,516 We have spent 2337 02:00:49,549 --> 02:00:51,551 more than $2 billion 2338 02:00:51,584 --> 02:00:55,822 on the greatest scientific gamble in history, 2339 02:00:55,855 --> 02:00:58,692 and we have won. 2340 02:01:02,228 --> 02:01:04,931 Oppie! Oppie! Oppie! 2341 02:01:04,964 --> 02:01:06,966 Oppie! Oppie! 2342 02:01:07,000 --> 02:01:10,203 Oppie! Oppie! Oppie! Oppie! 2343 02:01:10,236 --> 02:01:12,720 Oppie! Oppie! 2344 02:01:12,105 --> 02:01:14,874 Oppie! Oppie! Oppie! Oppie! 2345 02:01:14,908 --> 02:01:18,244 Oppie! Oppie! Oppie! Oppie! 2346 02:01:18,278 --> 02:01:22,882 Oppie! Oppie! Oppie! Oppie! Oppie! Oppie! 2347 02:01:22,916 --> 02:01:24,250 Oppie! Oppie! 2348 02:01:24,284 --> 02:01:26,853 Oppie! Oppie! Oppie! Oppie! 2349 02:02:25,945 --> 02:02:27,470 The world... 2350 02:02:29,490 --> 02:02:30,183 ...will remember this day. 2351 02:02:49,102 --> 02:02:50,837 It's too soon to... 2352 02:02:51,705 --> 02:02:53,373 It's too soon to determine 2353 02:02:53,406 --> 02:02:55,775 what the results of the bombing are. 2354 02:02:58,712 --> 02:03:00,313 But I'll bet the Japanese didn't like it. 2355 02:03:21,201 --> 02:03:22,736 I'm so proud. 2356 02:03:23,870 --> 02:03:26,500 So proud of what you have accomplished. 2357 02:03:32,312 --> 02:03:36,149 I just wish we had it in time to use against the Germans. 2358 02:05:25,992 --> 02:05:27,861 Dr. Oppenheimer? 2359 02:05:28,461 --> 02:05:30,764 Dr. Oppenheimer? 2360 02:05:30,797 --> 02:05:32,465 -Nice picture. -Oh. 2361 02:05:32,499 --> 02:05:34,834 President Truman will see you now. 2362 02:05:48,548 --> 02:05:51,384 Dr. Oppenheimer. It's an honor. 2363 02:05:51,418 --> 02:05:53,353 -Mr. President. -Please. 2364 02:05:53,386 --> 02:05:55,188 Thank you. 2365 02:05:55,221 --> 02:05:56,756 Secretary Byrnes. 2366 02:05:57,957 --> 02:05:59,959 How's it feel to be 2367 02:05:59,993 --> 02:06:02,280 the most famous man in the world? 2368 02:06:03,290 --> 02:06:06,990 You helped save a lot of American lives. 2369 02:06:06,132 --> 02:06:08,501 What we did at Hiroshima was a... 2370 02:06:08,535 --> 02:06:10,470 And Nagasaki. 2371 02:06:10,503 --> 02:06:12,505 Well, obviously. 2372 02:06:12,539 --> 02:06:16,476 Your invention let us bring our boys home. 2373 02:06:16,509 --> 02:06:19,879 Well, it was hardly my invention. 2374 02:06:19,913 --> 02:06:22,182 It was you on the cover of Time. 2375 02:06:25,510 --> 02:06:26,586 Jim tells me you're concerned 2376 02:06:26,619 --> 02:06:28,388 about an arms race with the Soviets. 2377 02:06:28,421 --> 02:06:30,790 Uh, yes, uh... 2378 02:06:31,491 --> 02:06:32,992 Well, um, 2379 02:06:33,260 --> 02:06:38,131 it's that, uh, now is our chance to secure 2380 02:06:38,164 --> 02:06:41,340 international cooperation on atomic energy, 2381 02:06:41,670 --> 02:06:44,104 and... and I'm concerned... 2382 02:06:44,137 --> 02:06:46,373 Do you know when the Soviets are gonna have the bomb? 2383 02:06:46,406 --> 02:06:48,341 I don't think I could give a... 2384 02:06:48,375 --> 02:06:49,776 Never. 2385 02:06:50,410 --> 02:06:52,450 Never. 2386 02:06:52,780 --> 02:06:55,248 Mr. President, the-the Russians have good physicists 2387 02:06:55,281 --> 02:06:56,916 and-and... and abundant resources. 2388 02:06:56,950 --> 02:06:59,520 -Abundant? -Yes. 2389 02:06:59,850 --> 02:07:02,355 I don't think so. 2390 02:07:02,389 --> 02:07:05,925 Well, they'll-they'll put everything they have and... 2391 02:07:09,195 --> 02:07:13,660 I hear you're leaving Los Alamos. 2392 02:07:14,334 --> 02:07:15,435 What should we do with it? 2393 02:07:15,468 --> 02:07:17,971 Give it back to the Indians. 2394 02:07:25,378 --> 02:07:28,615 Um... Dr. Oppenheimer, 2395 02:07:28,648 --> 02:07:30,984 if what you say about the Soviets is true, 2396 02:07:31,170 --> 02:07:34,421 we have to build up Los Alamos, 2397 02:07:34,454 --> 02:07:36,356 not shut it down. 2398 02:07:39,592 --> 02:07:41,394 Uh, Mr. President... 2399 02:07:42,462 --> 02:07:43,963 Um... 2400 02:07:46,633 --> 02:07:50,303 I feel that I have blood on my hands. 2401 02:08:10,900 --> 02:08:15,395 You think anyone in Hiroshima or Nagasaki 2402 02:08:15,428 --> 02:08:18,465 gives a shit who built the bomb? 2403 02:08:21,634 --> 02:08:24,300 They care who dropped it. 2404 02:08:24,704 --> 02:08:26,973 I did. 2405 02:08:28,208 --> 02:08:31,177 Hiroshima isn't about you. 2406 02:08:37,317 --> 02:08:39,452 Dr. Oppenheimer. 2407 02:08:50,397 --> 02:08:53,199 Don't let that crybaby back in here. 2408 02:08:58,304 --> 02:09:01,341 Robert saw that hand-wringing got him nowhere. 2409 02:09:01,374 --> 02:09:04,711 By the time I'd met him, he'd fully embraced 2410 02:09:04,744 --> 02:09:07,313 his "father of the bomb" reputation. 2411 02:09:07,347 --> 02:09:09,749 Used his profile to influence policy. 2412 02:09:19,225 --> 02:09:20,593 Doctor, in the years following the war, 2413 02:09:20,627 --> 02:09:22,762 would you say that you exerted a great influence 2414 02:09:22,796 --> 02:09:24,597 on the atomic policies of the USA? 2415 02:09:24,631 --> 02:09:27,333 I think great would be an overstatement. 2416 02:09:27,367 --> 02:09:29,335 Really? If we look at the issue of isotopes, 2417 02:09:29,369 --> 02:09:31,710 were you not personally responsible 2418 02:09:31,104 --> 02:09:33,139 for destroying all opposition to their export? 2419 02:09:33,173 --> 02:09:36,420 Could use a-a bottle of beer... 2420 02:09:36,760 --> 02:09:37,744 ...when making atomic weapons. In fact, you do. 2421 02:09:37,777 --> 02:09:40,246 I was the spokesman, but the-the opinion 2422 02:09:40,280 --> 02:09:42,820 among scientists was unanimous. 2423 02:09:42,115 --> 02:09:43,783 All along with McCarthy on the rise, 2424 02:09:43,817 --> 02:09:45,218 he knew he was vulnerable. 2425 02:09:45,251 --> 02:09:46,619 His brother was blacklisted 2426 02:09:46,653 --> 02:09:49,556 by every university in the country. 2427 02:09:50,657 --> 02:09:53,493 Lomanitz wound up working the railroad, laying track. 2428 02:09:56,960 --> 02:09:57,530 And Chevalier went into exile. 2429 02:10:00,667 --> 02:10:02,102 But none of that 2430 02:10:02,135 --> 02:10:04,104 stopped Robert from pushing the GAC 2431 02:10:04,137 --> 02:10:07,600 to recommend arms control instead of the H-bomb. 2432 02:10:08,808 --> 02:10:10,276 He was devastated 2433 02:10:10,310 --> 02:10:12,379 when Truman rejected their recommendation. 2434 02:10:14,114 --> 02:10:16,649 I miss Richard more than I can bear. 2435 02:10:16,683 --> 02:10:18,451 I know, Ruth, I know. 2436 02:10:18,485 --> 02:10:21,588 Part of me's glad he didn't live to see where this is all going. 2437 02:10:24,357 --> 02:10:25,792 Here comes the birthday boy. 2438 02:10:25,825 --> 02:10:28,428 -To gloat. -Have fun. 2439 02:10:29,429 --> 02:10:31,798 Robert, uh, my son and his fiancée are desperate to meet 2440 02:10:31,831 --> 02:10:33,800 the father of the atomic bomb, and so... 2441 02:10:33,833 --> 02:10:36,636 Well. Good day. 2442 02:10:42,709 --> 02:10:44,811 Is this a bad time? 2443 02:10:44,844 --> 02:10:46,346 What do you think, Lewis? 2444 02:10:46,379 --> 02:10:48,448 Well, I think it must have been a blow for you. 2445 02:10:48,481 --> 02:10:50,617 For the world. 2446 02:10:50,650 --> 02:10:52,285 The world? 2447 02:10:52,318 --> 02:10:56,289 What does Fuchs mean to the rest of the world? 2448 02:10:56,322 --> 02:10:57,724 Fuchs? 2449 02:10:57,757 --> 02:10:59,359 Klaus Fuchs? 2450 02:11:00,794 --> 02:11:03,196 Oh, dear. You haven't heard. 2451 02:11:06,366 --> 02:11:08,234 Klaus Fuchs, the British scientist that you put 2452 02:11:08,268 --> 02:11:11,304 onto the implosion team at Los Alamos, 2453 02:11:11,337 --> 02:11:13,473 turns out he was... 2454 02:11:13,506 --> 02:11:16,776 he was spying for the Soviets the whole time. 2455 02:11:16,810 --> 02:11:18,345 I'm sorry. 2456 02:11:23,516 --> 02:11:26,419 After the truth about Fuchs came out, 2457 02:11:26,453 --> 02:11:28,555 the FBI stepped up surveillance on him. 2458 02:11:28,588 --> 02:11:32,459 He knew his phone was tapped, he was followed everywhere... 2459 02:11:33,827 --> 02:11:35,261 ...his trash picked through. 2460 02:11:39,265 --> 02:11:40,734 But never stopped speaking his mind. 2461 02:11:40,767 --> 02:11:43,436 A man of conviction. 2462 02:11:43,470 --> 02:11:46,306 And maybe he thought fame could actually protect him. 2463 02:11:47,807 --> 02:11:51,244 When Eisenhower took office, he saw one more chance. 2464 02:11:52,645 --> 02:11:53,680 He took it. 2465 02:11:53,713 --> 02:11:56,182 America and Russia 2466 02:11:56,216 --> 02:12:00,487 may be likened to two scorpions in a bottle, 2467 02:12:00,520 --> 02:12:03,890 each capable of killing the other 2468 02:12:03,923 --> 02:12:06,626 but only at the risk of his own life. 2469 02:12:06,659 --> 02:12:09,429 Now, there are various aspects of this policy... 2470 02:12:09,462 --> 02:12:11,464 Lot of scientists blame me, 2471 02:12:11,498 --> 02:12:14,634 but how was I supposed to protect him? 2472 02:12:14,667 --> 02:12:16,636 ...too secret for discussion, 2473 02:12:16,669 --> 02:12:18,671 candor is the only remedy. 2474 02:12:18,705 --> 02:12:20,240 Officials in Washington 2475 02:12:20,273 --> 02:12:21,775 need to start leveling with the American people. 2476 02:12:23,476 --> 02:12:26,312 That was the last straw for Robert's enemies. 2477 02:12:26,346 --> 02:12:28,381 So he had to lose his security clearance. 2478 02:12:28,415 --> 02:12:31,184 And with it, his credibility. 2479 02:12:31,217 --> 02:12:33,620 But how could they do it? 2480 02:12:33,653 --> 02:12:34,921 He was a war hero. 2481 02:12:34,954 --> 02:12:36,656 He'd already told everyone about his past. 2482 02:12:36,690 --> 02:12:38,658 Borden dredged it all up. 2483 02:12:38,692 --> 02:12:41,928 How could Borden get access to Oppenheimer's FBI file? 2484 02:12:41,961 --> 02:12:43,530 Could it have been Nichols? 2485 02:12:43,563 --> 02:12:45,865 No, I can't imagine he'd do that. 2486 02:12:45,899 --> 02:12:47,934 But whoever did unleashed a firestorm 2487 02:12:47,967 --> 02:12:49,969 that burned a path from the White House 2488 02:12:50,300 --> 02:12:52,672 back to my desk at the AEC. 2489 02:12:52,706 --> 02:12:54,541 You see them in there, right? 2490 02:12:54,574 --> 02:12:58,445 I've been working my whole life to get here. 2491 02:12:58,478 --> 02:13:00,513 Cabinet of the United States of America. 2492 02:13:00,547 --> 02:13:02,482 Now, in front of the entire country, 2493 02:13:02,515 --> 02:13:04,584 they're gonna put me back in my place. 2494 02:13:06,190 --> 02:13:08,688 A lowly shoe salesman. 2495 02:13:08,722 --> 02:13:10,557 Lewis, we can win this thing. 2496 02:13:10,590 --> 02:13:12,659 I-I think we can get the Senate to grasp 2497 02:13:12,692 --> 02:13:15,495 that you did your duty, painful though it was. 2498 02:13:15,528 --> 02:13:17,297 Now, will Hill's testimony back us up? 2499 02:13:17,330 --> 02:13:19,299 -Hill will be fine. -I don't really know him, 2500 02:13:19,332 --> 02:13:21,501 but, uh, he was one of Szilard's boys in Chicago, 2501 02:13:21,534 --> 02:13:23,570 and they never forgave Robert for not supporting 2502 02:13:23,603 --> 02:13:26,500 their petition against bombing Japan. 2503 02:13:26,390 --> 02:13:31,244 This was taken 31 days after the bombing. 2504 02:13:31,277 --> 02:13:34,140 Virtually everyone in the street, 2505 02:13:34,470 --> 02:13:36,282 for nearly a mile around, 2506 02:13:36,316 --> 02:13:39,519 was instantly and seriously burned. 2507 02:13:40,754 --> 02:13:45,291 The, uh, Japanese spoke of people who wore striped clothing 2508 02:13:45,325 --> 02:13:48,294 upon whom the skin was burned in stripes. 2509 02:13:49,362 --> 02:13:51,731 There were many who thought themselves lucky, 2510 02:13:51,765 --> 02:13:54,467 who climbed out of the ruins of their homes 2511 02:13:54,501 --> 02:13:56,369 only slightly injured. 2512 02:13:57,504 --> 02:13:59,272 But they died anyway. 2513 02:13:59,939 --> 02:14:03,430 They died days or weeks later 2514 02:14:03,760 --> 02:14:06,413 from the radium-like rays emitted in great numbers 2515 02:14:06,446 --> 02:14:08,348 at the moment of the explosion. 2516 02:14:09,549 --> 02:14:11,618 Did you read this crap in the papers? 2517 02:14:11,651 --> 02:14:14,454 A British physicist is saying the atomic bombings 2518 02:14:14,487 --> 02:14:16,656 were not the last act of World War II 2519 02:14:16,690 --> 02:14:19,826 but the first act of this cold war with Russia. 2520 02:14:19,859 --> 02:14:21,327 Which physicist? 2521 02:14:21,361 --> 02:14:22,762 I think you knew him. 2522 02:14:22,796 --> 02:14:24,397 Patrick Blackett. 2523 02:14:26,866 --> 02:14:28,435 He may not be wrong. 2524 02:14:28,468 --> 02:14:29,803 Stimson is now telling me 2525 02:14:29,836 --> 02:14:33,730 we bombed an enemy that was essentially defeated. 2526 02:14:33,106 --> 02:14:36,643 Robert, you've all the influence now. 2527 02:14:36,676 --> 02:14:38,378 Please. 2528 02:14:38,411 --> 02:14:40,513 Urge them to continue my research on the Super. 2529 02:14:40,547 --> 02:14:41,915 I neither can nor will, Edward. 2530 02:14:41,948 --> 02:14:44,500 Why not? 2531 02:14:44,840 --> 02:14:45,785 It's not the right use of our resources. 2532 02:14:45,819 --> 02:14:47,921 Is that what you really believe? 2533 02:14:47,954 --> 02:14:50,323 J. Robert Oppenheimer. 2534 02:14:50,357 --> 02:14:52,759 Sphinx-like guru of the atom. 2535 02:14:54,600 --> 02:14:55,829 Nobody knows what you believe. 2536 02:14:56,930 --> 02:14:58,798 Do you? Hmm? 2537 02:14:58,832 --> 02:15:01,534 One final time, our program director, 2538 02:15:01,568 --> 02:15:03,536 Dr. J. Robert Oppenheimer. 2539 02:15:04,738 --> 02:15:06,506 I hope that in years to come 2540 02:15:06,539 --> 02:15:10,543 you will look back on your work here with pride. 2541 02:15:10,577 --> 02:15:12,946 But today, that pride must be tempered 2542 02:15:12,979 --> 02:15:15,315 with a profound concern. 2543 02:15:16,583 --> 02:15:18,385 If atomic weapons are to be added 2544 02:15:18,418 --> 02:15:20,820 to the arsenals of a warring world, 2545 02:15:20,854 --> 02:15:24,424 then the day will come when people will curse 2546 02:15:24,457 --> 02:15:25,859 the name of Los Alamos. 2547 02:15:29,863 --> 02:15:31,965 Uh, sorry, Admiral. 2548 02:15:31,998 --> 02:15:34,000 Stopped off to get this. 2549 02:15:34,340 --> 02:15:36,836 It seems pretty favorable. 2550 02:15:36,870 --> 02:15:37,971 There's Oppenheimer. 2551 02:15:38,400 --> 02:15:39,572 What's the caption? 2552 02:15:39,606 --> 02:15:42,442 Uh, "J. Robert Oppenheimer, Strauss fought..." 2553 02:15:44,100 --> 02:15:45,578 "...and the US won." 2554 02:15:46,413 --> 02:15:47,681 That'll work. 2555 02:15:47,714 --> 02:15:49,949 Those were your words from the other day. 2556 02:15:49,983 --> 02:15:51,384 We needed to pivot. 2557 02:15:51,418 --> 02:15:52,686 But how would you know 2558 02:15:52,719 --> 02:15:54,521 what Time magazine's gonna write? 2559 02:15:54,554 --> 02:15:56,790 Henry Luce is a friend. 2560 02:16:02,929 --> 02:16:06,433 You sat here and let me tell you how it's done, 2561 02:16:06,466 --> 02:16:09,135 but you've been far ahead all along. 2562 02:16:09,169 --> 02:16:12,138 Survival in Washington 2563 02:16:12,172 --> 02:16:14,507 is about knowing how to get things done. 2564 02:16:15,141 --> 02:16:16,543 Right. 2565 02:16:18,144 --> 02:16:19,879 What was it you said about Borden? 2566 02:16:19,913 --> 02:16:22,916 "Why get caught holding the knife yourself?" 2567 02:16:24,751 --> 02:16:27,754 I'm beginning to think Borden was holding the knife for you. 2568 02:16:29,823 --> 02:16:32,580 It's gonna come down to how much influence 2569 02:16:32,920 --> 02:16:34,160 Borden's been able to exert on Teller. 2570 02:16:34,194 --> 02:16:36,629 Did I say something funny? 2571 02:16:36,663 --> 02:16:38,310 Just "Borden, Borden, Borden" 2572 02:16:38,640 --> 02:16:41,835 when we all know that it's Strauss. 2573 02:16:41,868 --> 02:16:43,837 Lewis brought me to Princeton, Kitty. 2574 02:16:43,870 --> 02:16:46,573 And then you humiliated him in front of Congress. 2575 02:16:46,606 --> 02:16:49,442 But more useful than a sandwich. 2576 02:16:52,612 --> 02:16:53,780 -How'd I do? -I'll call recess, 2577 02:16:53,813 --> 02:16:54,914 ten minutes. 2578 02:16:54,948 --> 02:16:57,183 Maybe a little too well, Robert. 2579 02:16:57,217 --> 02:16:58,451 That was six years ago. 2580 02:16:58,485 --> 02:17:00,186 You know, the truly vindictive, 2581 02:17:00,220 --> 02:17:01,821 patient as saints. 2582 02:17:01,855 --> 02:17:04,657 Strauss has been perfectly clear that he is neutral. 2583 02:17:04,691 --> 02:17:08,194 Wake up. It is Strauss. 2584 02:17:08,228 --> 02:17:11,164 It's always been Strauss, and you know it. 2585 02:17:11,197 --> 02:17:12,832 Why won't you fight him? 2586 02:17:13,867 --> 02:17:15,680 Christ's sake. 2587 02:17:16,169 --> 02:17:18,838 It wasn't Nichols or Hoover 2588 02:17:18,872 --> 02:17:20,540 or one of Truman's guys. It was you. 2589 02:17:20,573 --> 02:17:22,542 You gave the file to Borden. 2590 02:17:22,575 --> 02:17:24,210 You set him on Oppenheimer. 2591 02:17:24,244 --> 02:17:26,680 -You convinced him to... -Borden... 2592 02:17:26,713 --> 02:17:28,615 didn't take any convincing. 2593 02:17:28,648 --> 02:17:30,750 Take your time, use the entire file. 2594 02:17:30,784 --> 02:17:33,687 Write up your conclusion, send them to the FBI. 2595 02:17:33,720 --> 02:17:35,955 The material is obviously extensive, 2596 02:17:35,989 --> 02:17:38,658 but there's nothing new here. 2597 02:17:38,692 --> 02:17:40,226 Your conclusions will be. 2598 02:17:40,260 --> 02:17:42,562 And they'll have to be answered. 2599 02:17:42,595 --> 02:17:44,640 Hoover passes them to McCarthy? 2600 02:17:44,970 --> 02:17:47,701 Oppenheimer's too slippery for that self-promoting clown. 2601 02:17:47,734 --> 02:17:50,603 I've talked it over with Hoover, he'll hold McCarthy at bay 2602 02:17:50,637 --> 02:17:52,238 while you do this with the AEC. 2603 02:17:52,272 --> 02:17:54,107 -A trial. -No. 2604 02:17:54,140 --> 02:17:57,911 No trial. You can't give Oppenheimer a platform. 2605 02:17:57,944 --> 02:17:59,713 You can't martyr him. 2606 02:17:59,746 --> 02:18:02,916 We need a systematic destruction of Oppenheimer's credibility 2607 02:18:02,949 --> 02:18:06,519 so he can never again speak on matters of national security. 2608 02:18:06,553 --> 02:18:08,621 Then what? 2609 02:18:09,823 --> 02:18:13,193 A shabby little room, far from the limelight. 2610 02:18:19,632 --> 02:18:20,900 A simple bureaucratic procedure. 2611 02:18:20,934 --> 02:18:23,570 His Q clearance is up for renewal. 2612 02:18:23,603 --> 02:18:26,573 You send your accusations to the FBI. 2613 02:18:28,208 --> 02:18:31,811 Hoover sends them to the AEC, you're forced to act. 2614 02:18:32,645 --> 02:18:33,947 You write up an indictment 2615 02:18:33,980 --> 02:18:35,615 and tell Oppenheimer 2616 02:18:35,648 --> 02:18:38,318 his security clearance is not being renewed. 2617 02:18:38,351 --> 02:18:39,886 But offer him the chance to appeal. 2618 02:18:39,919 --> 02:18:42,255 As you can see, Robert, it's not yet signed. 2619 02:18:42,288 --> 02:18:43,790 May I keep this? 2620 02:18:43,823 --> 02:18:44,758 No. 2621 02:18:44,791 --> 02:18:47,270 If you do decide to appeal, 2622 02:18:47,600 --> 02:18:48,595 they'll have to send you a copy. 2623 02:18:48,628 --> 02:18:51,865 When he appeals-- and trust me, he will-- 2624 02:18:51,898 --> 02:18:54,300 I appoint a board. 2625 02:18:54,334 --> 02:18:56,803 They will, of course, have counsel. 2626 02:18:56,836 --> 02:18:58,772 -Prosecutor? -In all but name. 2627 02:18:58,805 --> 02:19:00,974 -Who? -Roger Robb. 2628 02:19:01,700 --> 02:19:02,175 Ouch. 2629 02:19:02,208 --> 02:19:03,677 Robb will have security clearance 2630 02:19:03,710 --> 02:19:05,245 to examine Oppenheimer's file. 2631 02:19:05,278 --> 02:19:06,713 As will the Gray board. 2632 02:19:06,746 --> 02:19:08,114 Defense counsel will not. 2633 02:19:09,949 --> 02:19:11,351 A closed hearing. 2634 02:19:11,384 --> 02:19:12,619 The so-called derogatory information 2635 02:19:12,652 --> 02:19:14,821 in your indictment of me. 2636 02:19:14,854 --> 02:19:17,323 No audience. No reporters. 2637 02:19:17,357 --> 02:19:20,827 -No burden of proof. -No burden of proof? 2638 02:19:22,195 --> 02:19:23,697 We're not convicting. 2639 02:19:24,397 --> 02:19:27,000 We're just denying. 2640 02:19:31,971 --> 02:19:34,741 What is it you said? 2641 02:19:34,774 --> 02:19:38,111 "This is just how the game is played." 2642 02:19:38,144 --> 02:19:41,114 Well, forgive my naivete. 2643 02:19:41,147 --> 02:19:43,116 Amateurs seek the sun. 2644 02:19:44,840 --> 02:19:45,151 Get eaten. 2645 02:19:46,219 --> 02:19:49,550 Power stays in the shadows. 2646 02:19:49,890 --> 02:19:52,792 But, sir, you're... you're out of the shadows now. 2647 02:19:52,826 --> 02:19:54,260 Yeah, that's why this has to work. 2648 02:19:54,294 --> 02:19:55,762 Well... 2649 02:19:57,630 --> 02:19:59,199 Teller's testifying this morning. 2650 02:19:59,232 --> 02:20:01,634 That'll help. And then... 2651 02:20:01,668 --> 02:20:03,103 Hill is in the afternoon. 2652 02:20:03,136 --> 02:20:05,605 Hill is gonna help us too. 2653 02:20:07,841 --> 02:20:11,110 As you can see, Robert, it's not yet signed. 2654 02:20:11,440 --> 02:20:12,780 May I keep this? 2655 02:20:12,112 --> 02:20:13,146 No. 2656 02:20:15,248 --> 02:20:17,250 If you do decide to appeal, 2657 02:20:17,283 --> 02:20:20,120 then they'll have to send you a copy. 2658 02:20:23,690 --> 02:20:25,992 Take my car and driver. I insist. 2659 02:20:30,730 --> 02:20:32,665 I'll have to consult my lawyers, Lewis. 2660 02:20:32,699 --> 02:20:35,402 Of course. But don't take too long. 2661 02:20:35,435 --> 02:20:37,637 I can't keep Nichols at bay. 2662 02:20:43,777 --> 02:20:46,790 I'm sorry it's come to this, Robert. 2663 02:20:46,112 --> 02:20:47,147 I think it's wrong. 2664 02:21:00,460 --> 02:21:01,895 Nichols wants me to fight 2665 02:21:01,928 --> 02:21:03,930 so he can get it all on the record. 2666 02:21:03,963 --> 02:21:05,832 Strauss wants me to walk away. 2667 02:21:05,865 --> 02:21:08,702 Strauss knows that you can't do that, 2668 02:21:08,735 --> 02:21:11,171 you'd be accepting the charges. 2669 02:21:11,204 --> 02:21:12,872 You'll lose your job. 2670 02:21:12,906 --> 02:21:15,175 You will lose your reputation. We'll lose our house. 2671 02:21:15,208 --> 02:21:17,911 Robert, we have to fight. 2672 02:21:20,480 --> 02:21:22,782 As AEC Counsel, I can't represent you. 2673 02:21:22,816 --> 02:21:24,351 I'll call Lloyd Garrison. 2674 02:21:24,384 --> 02:21:25,919 Oh, he's good. 2675 02:21:25,952 --> 02:21:29,689 The best, but I have to warn you... 2676 02:21:30,357 --> 02:21:32,792 ...this won't be a fair fight. 2677 02:21:32,826 --> 02:21:34,828 During your interview 2678 02:21:34,861 --> 02:21:37,330 with Boris Pash in 1943, did you refer to microfilm? 2679 02:21:37,364 --> 02:21:38,865 -No. -Tab 11, 2680 02:21:38,898 --> 02:21:40,333 page one, paragraph three. You never said, 2681 02:21:40,367 --> 02:21:44,300 "Man at the consulate expert in the use of microfilm"? 2682 02:21:44,370 --> 02:21:45,372 -I'm sorry, I'm sorry. -No. 2683 02:21:45,405 --> 02:21:46,339 I would like to know what document 2684 02:21:46,373 --> 02:21:47,807 Mr. Robb is quoting from 2685 02:21:47,841 --> 02:21:49,109 and if we might be furnished with a copy. 2686 02:21:49,142 --> 02:21:51,211 The document is classified, Mr. Garrison. 2687 02:21:51,244 --> 02:21:53,790 I think we should get back to first-hand information. 2688 02:21:53,113 --> 02:21:54,481 This is first-hand. 2689 02:21:54,514 --> 02:21:56,783 How so, Roger? 2690 02:21:58,151 --> 02:21:59,986 There was a recording of the interview. 2691 02:22:03,957 --> 02:22:05,859 You let my client sit here 2692 02:22:05,892 --> 02:22:07,394 and potentially perjure himself, 2693 02:22:07,427 --> 02:22:09,963 and all this time, you had a recording? 2694 02:22:09,996 --> 02:22:11,364 Nobody told your client 2695 02:22:11,398 --> 02:22:12,799 to misrepresent his former answers. 2696 02:22:12,832 --> 02:22:14,901 Misrepre... It-it was 12 years ago. 2697 02:22:14,934 --> 02:22:16,236 Can we hear this recording? 2698 02:22:16,269 --> 02:22:17,837 You don't have the clearance, Mr. Garrison. 2699 02:22:17,871 --> 02:22:19,506 But you're reading it into the record. 2700 02:22:19,539 --> 02:22:21,174 Please, please. 2701 02:22:21,207 --> 02:22:24,811 Is this proceeding interested in entrapment or in truth? 2702 02:22:24,844 --> 02:22:27,280 If it's truth, where's the disclosure? 2703 02:22:27,313 --> 02:22:28,948 Where's the witness list? 2704 02:22:28,982 --> 02:22:31,518 Mr. Garrison, this isn't a trial, as you are well aware. 2705 02:22:31,551 --> 02:22:33,420 Evidentiary rules do not apply. 2706 02:22:33,453 --> 02:22:35,321 We are dealing with national security. 2707 02:22:35,355 --> 02:22:36,856 Yes, sir, with all due respect, 2708 02:22:36,890 --> 02:22:39,259 I fail to see how national security 2709 02:22:39,292 --> 02:22:40,994 prevents the prosecution from providing us 2710 02:22:41,270 --> 02:22:43,290 -with a list of witnesses. -Perhaps we are in need 2711 02:22:43,630 --> 02:22:44,364 -of a brief recess. -Gentlemen, 2712 02:22:44,397 --> 02:22:46,132 you have my words. 2713 02:22:46,166 --> 02:22:48,301 If you say they're from a transcript, then I'll accept it. 2714 02:22:48,334 --> 02:22:51,104 I've already explained I made up a ****-and-bull story. 2715 02:22:51,137 --> 02:22:54,474 But why would anyone make up such an elaborate story? 2716 02:22:54,507 --> 02:22:56,576 Because I was an idiot. 2717 02:22:56,609 --> 02:22:58,211 Why lie? 2718 02:22:58,244 --> 02:23:00,847 Well, clearly with the intention of not revealing 2719 02:23:00,880 --> 02:23:02,949 who the intermediary was. 2720 02:23:02,982 --> 02:23:05,180 Your friend, Haakon Chevalier, the Communist. 2721 02:23:05,510 --> 02:23:07,320 Is he still your friend? 2722 02:23:07,354 --> 02:23:08,788 Yes. 2723 02:23:10,890 --> 02:23:13,827 Dr. Rabi, thank you for coming. 2724 02:23:13,860 --> 02:23:15,562 Do you know who else the prosecution has called? 2725 02:23:15,595 --> 02:23:17,931 Teller, obviously. 2726 02:23:18,898 --> 02:23:20,166 They've asked Lawrence. 2727 02:23:20,200 --> 02:23:21,340 What did he say? 2728 02:23:21,670 --> 02:23:23,970 He wasn't going to help them, but... 2729 02:23:24,300 --> 02:23:24,938 But? 2730 02:23:24,971 --> 02:23:26,973 Strauss told him that you and Ruth Tolman 2731 02:23:27,600 --> 02:23:29,442 have been having an affair for years. 2732 02:23:29,476 --> 02:23:30,577 The whole time you lived 2733 02:23:30,610 --> 02:23:32,245 with them in Pasadena. 2734 02:23:32,278 --> 02:23:33,947 He convinced Lawrence 2735 02:23:33,980 --> 02:23:35,548 that Richard died of a broken heart. 2736 02:23:35,582 --> 02:23:36,883 That's absurd. 2737 02:23:36,916 --> 02:23:39,452 -What part? -The broken heart. 2738 02:23:39,486 --> 02:23:41,521 Richard never found out. 2739 02:23:41,554 --> 02:23:43,323 Is Lawrence gonna testify? 2740 02:23:43,356 --> 02:23:44,858 I don't know. 2741 02:23:45,392 --> 02:23:47,270 Dr. Rabi, 2742 02:23:47,600 --> 02:23:50,130 what governmental positions do you currently hold? 2743 02:23:50,163 --> 02:23:53,660 I am the chairman of the General Advisory Committee 2744 02:23:53,990 --> 02:23:56,200 to the AEC, succeeding Dr. Oppenheimer. 2745 02:23:56,360 --> 02:23:58,872 And how long have you known Dr. Oppenheimer? 2746 02:23:58,905 --> 02:24:00,507 Since 1928. 2747 02:24:00,540 --> 02:24:02,609 I... I know him quite well. 2748 02:24:02,642 --> 02:24:04,611 Well enough to speak to the bearing 2749 02:24:04,644 --> 02:24:07,213 of his loyalty and character? 2750 02:24:07,247 --> 02:24:11,251 Dr. Oppenheimer is a man of upstanding character. 2751 02:24:11,284 --> 02:24:13,953 And he is loyal to the United States, 2752 02:24:13,987 --> 02:24:15,221 to his friends, 2753 02:24:15,255 --> 02:24:17,924 to the institutions of which he is part. 2754 02:24:19,392 --> 02:24:20,427 Eat. 2755 02:24:39,412 --> 02:24:41,114 What was that? 2756 02:24:41,147 --> 02:24:43,183 Nothing to worry about. 2757 02:24:45,418 --> 02:24:47,153 After the Russian A-bomb test, 2758 02:24:47,187 --> 02:24:49,656 did Dr. Lawrence come to see you about the hydrogen bomb? 2759 02:24:49,689 --> 02:24:51,491 You'd be better off asking him. 2760 02:24:51,524 --> 02:24:53,590 Well, I fully intend to. 2761 02:24:53,930 --> 02:24:55,662 Would you say that Dr. Oppenheimer was 2762 02:24:55,695 --> 02:24:57,697 unalterably opposed to the H-bomb? 2763 02:24:57,731 --> 02:25:00,533 No, he-he thought that a fusion program 2764 02:25:00,567 --> 02:25:03,670 would come at the expense of our awfully good fission program. 2765 02:25:03,703 --> 02:25:05,538 But that proved not to be the case. 2766 02:25:05,572 --> 02:25:08,208 In the event both could be done. 2767 02:25:08,241 --> 02:25:10,543 Suppose that this board did not feel satisfied 2768 02:25:10,577 --> 02:25:11,711 that in his testimony here, 2769 02:25:11,745 --> 02:25:14,140 Dr. Oppenheimer had been wholly truthful. 2770 02:25:14,470 --> 02:25:17,250 What would you say whether or not he should be cleared? 2771 02:25:17,283 --> 02:25:19,185 Why go through all this against a man 2772 02:25:19,219 --> 02:25:21,421 who has accomplished what Dr. Oppenheimer has? 2773 02:25:21,454 --> 02:25:23,890 Look at his record. 2774 02:25:23,123 --> 02:25:25,191 We have an A-bomb and a whole series of it. 2775 02:25:25,225 --> 02:25:27,160 We have a whole series of Super bombs. 2776 02:25:27,193 --> 02:25:29,162 What more do you want? 2777 02:25:29,195 --> 02:25:30,630 Mermaids? 2778 02:25:30,960 --> 02:25:32,399 But I've known Secretary Strauss 2779 02:25:32,432 --> 02:25:34,340 for many years, 2780 02:25:34,670 --> 02:25:37,337 and I feel it a necessity to express the warm support 2781 02:25:37,370 --> 02:25:40,400 for science and scientists Lewis has shown. 2782 02:25:40,730 --> 02:25:41,307 We'll break now, 2783 02:25:41,341 --> 02:25:43,143 unless there's any immediate business. 2784 02:25:43,176 --> 02:25:45,712 Senator, I'd like to once again request 2785 02:25:45,745 --> 02:25:48,415 that we're furnished with a list of witnesses. 2786 02:25:48,448 --> 02:25:51,217 And I will remind the nominee that we don't always 2787 02:25:51,251 --> 02:25:53,253 have that information in advance. 2788 02:25:53,286 --> 02:25:56,723 We do know that Dr. Hill will be here after lunch. 2789 02:25:56,756 --> 02:25:58,391 Mr. Chairman, our next scheduled witness, 2790 02:25:58,425 --> 02:26:02,962 Dr. Lawrence, has apparently come down with colitis. 2791 02:26:04,431 --> 02:26:07,333 So we'll proceed with William Borden instead. 2792 02:26:08,601 --> 02:26:10,300 Mr. Borden, welcome. 2793 02:26:10,360 --> 02:26:11,504 Please take a seat. 2794 02:26:12,672 --> 02:26:15,750 Mr. Borden, 2795 02:26:15,108 --> 02:26:17,677 during your investigation into Dr. Oppenheimer, 2796 02:26:17,711 --> 02:26:19,346 did you reach certain conclusions? 2797 02:26:19,379 --> 02:26:21,681 -I did. -And did there come a time 2798 02:26:21,715 --> 02:26:23,183 when you expressed those conclusions 2799 02:26:23,216 --> 02:26:25,218 in a letter to Mr. J. Edgar Hoover 2800 02:26:25,251 --> 02:26:27,187 of the Federal Bureau of Investigation? 2801 02:26:27,220 --> 02:26:28,621 -That is correct. -Prior to the writing 2802 02:26:28,655 --> 02:26:30,423 of the letter, did you discuss the writing of the letter 2803 02:26:30,457 --> 02:26:32,759 with anybody attached to the Atomic Energy Commission? 2804 02:26:32,792 --> 02:26:34,394 I did not. 2805 02:26:34,427 --> 02:26:35,762 Thanks, and do you have a copy of the letter? 2806 02:26:35,795 --> 02:26:37,397 I have one in front of me. 2807 02:26:37,430 --> 02:26:39,532 Would you please be so kind as to read it, sir? 2808 02:26:39,566 --> 02:26:41,101 "Dear Mr. Hoover, 2809 02:26:41,134 --> 02:26:42,569 the purpose of this letter is to state..." 2810 02:26:42,602 --> 02:26:44,637 Uh, I'm sorry, I'm sorry, if I could have a... 2811 02:26:44,671 --> 02:26:47,400 What is the purpose of the delay? 2812 02:26:47,730 --> 02:26:48,541 He's simply gonna read the letter. 2813 02:26:48,575 --> 02:26:50,110 Mr. Chairman, 2814 02:26:50,143 --> 02:26:52,145 this is the first I've seen of this letter, 2815 02:26:52,178 --> 02:26:53,446 and I see statements here, uh, 2816 02:26:53,480 --> 02:26:55,448 at least one, of a kind that I don't think 2817 02:26:55,482 --> 02:26:57,450 anyone would like to see go into the record. 2818 02:26:57,484 --> 02:27:00,253 These are accusations that have not previously been made. 2819 02:27:00,286 --> 02:27:02,222 That are not part of the indictment from Nichols. 2820 02:27:02,255 --> 02:27:04,391 Accusations of a kind that I don't think belong here. 2821 02:27:04,424 --> 02:27:06,593 The witness wrote this letter on his own initiative, 2822 02:27:06,626 --> 02:27:09,195 laying out evidence that has already been before the board. 2823 02:27:09,229 --> 02:27:10,830 His conclusions are valid testimony, 2824 02:27:10,864 --> 02:27:12,766 just like the... the positive conclusions 2825 02:27:12,799 --> 02:27:14,134 of friends of Dr. Oppenheimer. 2826 02:27:14,167 --> 02:27:15,668 It cuts both ways. 2827 02:27:15,702 --> 02:27:18,138 How long has Counsel been in possession of this letter? 2828 02:27:18,171 --> 02:27:19,539 I don't think I should be subject 2829 02:27:19,572 --> 02:27:22,142 to cross-examination by you, Mr. Garrison. 2830 02:27:22,175 --> 02:27:23,810 Mr. Garrison, given that we on the board 2831 02:27:23,843 --> 02:27:25,345 have all read the letter, 2832 02:27:25,378 --> 02:27:27,714 wouldn't it be better to have it in the record? 2833 02:27:27,747 --> 02:27:29,215 Let's proceed. 2834 02:27:31,217 --> 02:27:32,686 "Dear Mr. Hoover, 2835 02:27:32,719 --> 02:27:36,156 "the purpose of this letter is to state my opinion 2836 02:27:36,189 --> 02:27:37,490 "based upon years of study 2837 02:27:37,524 --> 02:27:40,293 "of the available classified evidence, 2838 02:27:40,326 --> 02:27:42,362 "that more probably than not, 2839 02:27:42,395 --> 02:27:47,267 "J. Robert Oppenheimer is an agent of the Soviet Union. 2840 02:27:47,300 --> 02:27:49,636 "The following conclusions are justified. 2841 02:27:49,669 --> 02:27:54,507 "One, between 1929 and 1942, more probably than not, 2842 02:27:54,541 --> 02:27:55,842 "J. Robert Oppenheimer 2843 02:27:55,875 --> 02:27:58,178 "was a sufficiently hardened Communist, 2844 02:27:58,211 --> 02:28:00,313 "that he volunteered information to the Soviets. 2845 02:28:00,347 --> 02:28:02,682 "Two, more probably than not, 2846 02:28:02,716 --> 02:28:07,287 "he has since been functioning as an espionage agent. 2847 02:28:07,320 --> 02:28:10,156 "Three, more probably than not, 2848 02:28:10,190 --> 02:28:12,425 "he has since acted under a Soviet directive 2849 02:28:12,459 --> 02:28:15,195 in influencing United States military policy..." 2850 02:28:15,228 --> 02:28:16,463 I'm sorry, Robert. 2851 02:28:16,496 --> 02:28:17,831 "...atomic energy, intelligence 2852 02:28:17,864 --> 02:28:19,232 -and diplomatic policy." -Is anyone 2853 02:28:19,265 --> 02:28:20,900 ever going to tell the truth 2854 02:28:20,934 --> 02:28:22,702 about what's happening here? 2855 02:28:22,736 --> 02:28:26,272 We will now hear from Dr. David Hill. 2856 02:28:35,515 --> 02:28:36,850 Dr. Hill, 2857 02:28:36,883 --> 02:28:39,519 would you care to make a statement? 2858 02:28:40,653 --> 02:28:42,222 Thank you. 2859 02:28:42,255 --> 02:28:45,925 I've been asked to testify about Lewis Strauss. 2860 02:28:45,959 --> 02:28:48,361 A man who has given years of service 2861 02:28:48,395 --> 02:28:51,364 in high positions of government 2862 02:28:51,398 --> 02:28:56,336 and who is known to be earnest, hardworking and intelligent. 2863 02:28:57,337 --> 02:28:58,838 The views I have to express are my own, 2864 02:28:58,872 --> 02:29:02,575 but I believe that much I have to say will help to indicate 2865 02:29:02,609 --> 02:29:06,312 why most of the scientists in this country 2866 02:29:06,346 --> 02:29:09,349 would prefer to see Mr. Strauss 2867 02:29:09,382 --> 02:29:11,217 completely out of government. 2868 02:29:13,253 --> 02:29:15,755 You're... You're referring to the hostility 2869 02:29:15,789 --> 02:29:17,257 of certain scientists 2870 02:29:17,290 --> 02:29:18,925 directed toward Mr. Strauss 2871 02:29:18,958 --> 02:29:21,194 because of his commitment to security 2872 02:29:21,227 --> 02:29:24,230 as demonstrated in the Oppenheimer affair? 2873 02:29:26,700 --> 02:29:27,967 No. 2874 02:29:28,100 --> 02:29:30,403 Because of the personal vindictiveness 2875 02:29:30,437 --> 02:29:32,672 he demonstrated against Dr. Oppenheimer. 2876 02:29:34,340 --> 02:29:36,476 Order. 2877 02:29:36,509 --> 02:29:37,544 Order! 2878 02:29:37,577 --> 02:29:42,849 It appears to most scientists around this country 2879 02:29:42,882 --> 02:29:44,417 that Robert Oppenheimer is now being 2880 02:29:44,451 --> 02:29:46,686 pilloried and put through an ordeal 2881 02:29:46,720 --> 02:29:49,823 because he expressed his honest opinions. 2882 02:29:50,824 --> 02:29:52,892 Dr. Bush, I thought I was performing a service 2883 02:29:52,926 --> 02:29:54,661 to my country when hearing this case. 2884 02:29:54,694 --> 02:29:58,832 No board in this country should sit in judgment of a man 2885 02:29:58,865 --> 02:30:01,501 because he expressed strong opinions. 2886 02:30:01,534 --> 02:30:04,604 If you want to try that case, you should try me. 2887 02:30:04,637 --> 02:30:08,641 Excuse me, gentlemen, if I become stirred, 2888 02:30:08,675 --> 02:30:09,876 but I am. 2889 02:30:09,909 --> 02:30:11,878 Dr. Hill, we've already heard 2890 02:30:11,911 --> 02:30:14,347 that Mr. Strauss did not bring the charges 2891 02:30:14,381 --> 02:30:17,450 or participate in the hearings against Dr. Oppenheimer. 2892 02:30:17,484 --> 02:30:19,986 The Oppenheimer matter was 2893 02:30:20,200 --> 02:30:22,389 initiated and carried through 2894 02:30:22,422 --> 02:30:24,791 largely through the animus of Lewis Strauss. 2895 02:30:26,393 --> 02:30:29,290 Oppenheimer made mincemeat out of Strauss's position 2896 02:30:29,620 --> 02:30:30,663 on the shipment of isotopes to Norway, 2897 02:30:30,697 --> 02:30:34,701 and Strauss never forgave him this public humiliation. 2898 02:30:34,734 --> 02:30:37,337 Another controversy between them centered around 2899 02:30:37,370 --> 02:30:40,340 their differences in judgment on how the H-bomb 2900 02:30:40,373 --> 02:30:42,442 would contribute to national security. 2901 02:30:42,475 --> 02:30:44,444 Strauss turned to the personnel security system 2902 02:30:44,477 --> 02:30:48,715 in order to destroy Oppenheimer's effectiveness, 2903 02:30:48,748 --> 02:30:51,284 and Strauss was able to find a few ambitious men 2904 02:30:51,317 --> 02:30:54,354 who also disagreed with Oppenheimer's positions 2905 02:30:54,387 --> 02:30:57,424 and envied him his prestige in government circles. 2906 02:30:57,457 --> 02:31:00,600 I've always assumed, and still assume, 2907 02:31:00,930 --> 02:31:02,328 that he's loyal to the United States. 2908 02:31:02,362 --> 02:31:03,763 I believe this. And I shall believe it 2909 02:31:03,797 --> 02:31:06,366 until I see very conclusive proof to the opposite. 2910 02:31:06,399 --> 02:31:08,368 Do you or do you not believe 2911 02:31:08,401 --> 02:31:10,704 that Dr. Oppenheimer is a security risk? 2912 02:31:14,441 --> 02:31:15,709 In a great number of cases, 2913 02:31:15,742 --> 02:31:17,711 I have seen Dr. Oppenheimer act in a way 2914 02:31:17,744 --> 02:31:21,614 which was to me exceedingly hard to understand. 2915 02:31:21,648 --> 02:31:23,650 I thoroughly disagreed with him in numerous issues, 2916 02:31:23,683 --> 02:31:25,785 and his actions frankly appeared to me 2917 02:31:25,819 --> 02:31:27,354 confused and complicated. 2918 02:31:27,387 --> 02:31:28,922 To this extent, I feel, 2919 02:31:28,955 --> 02:31:32,580 I want to see the vital interest of this country 2920 02:31:32,920 --> 02:31:33,927 in hands which I understand better 2921 02:31:33,960 --> 02:31:36,960 and therefore trust more. 2922 02:31:36,129 --> 02:31:38,898 -Thank you, Doctor. -Thank you. 2923 02:31:42,702 --> 02:31:43,803 I'm sorry. 2924 02:31:46,439 --> 02:31:48,608 You shook his ****ing hand? 2925 02:31:48,641 --> 02:31:51,544 Oh, I would have spit in his face. 2926 02:31:51,578 --> 02:31:53,113 Not sure the board would have appreciated that. 2927 02:31:53,146 --> 02:31:54,714 Is it not gentlemanly enough for you? 2928 02:31:54,748 --> 02:31:58,840 Well, I-I think you're all being too goddamn gentlemanly. 2929 02:31:58,118 --> 02:32:00,860 Gray must see what Robb is doing. 2930 02:32:00,120 --> 02:32:02,550 Why doesn't he just shut him down? 2931 02:32:02,880 --> 02:32:04,691 And you shaking Teller's hand. 2932 02:32:04,724 --> 02:32:07,594 You need to stop playing the martyr. 2933 02:32:08,595 --> 02:32:10,997 Under the current AEC guidelines, 2934 02:32:11,310 --> 02:32:13,433 would you clear Dr. Oppenheimer today? 2935 02:32:19,606 --> 02:32:21,975 Under my interpretation 2936 02:32:22,800 --> 02:32:24,144 of the Atomic Energy Act, 2937 02:32:24,177 --> 02:32:26,120 which did not exist 2938 02:32:26,460 --> 02:32:28,882 when I hired Dr. Oppenheimer in 1942... 2939 02:32:30,116 --> 02:32:33,520 I would not clear him today, 2940 02:32:33,553 --> 02:32:35,522 uh, if I were on the commission. 2941 02:32:35,555 --> 02:32:37,123 Good. Thank you, General. That is all. 2942 02:32:37,157 --> 02:32:39,159 But I don't think I'd clear any of those guys. 2943 02:32:39,192 --> 02:32:41,361 That's all. 2944 02:32:43,863 --> 02:32:45,999 Dr. Oppenheimer had no responsibility 2945 02:32:46,320 --> 02:32:47,534 in the selection or the clearance 2946 02:32:47,567 --> 02:32:48,868 of Klaus Fuchs, did he? 2947 02:32:48,902 --> 02:32:50,170 No. None at all. 2948 02:32:50,203 --> 02:32:51,805 And you wouldn't want to leave this board 2949 02:32:51,838 --> 02:32:54,607 with any suggestion today that you're here questioning 2950 02:32:54,641 --> 02:32:56,676 his basic loyalty to the United States 2951 02:32:56,710 --> 02:32:58,111 in the operation of Los Alamos? 2952 02:32:58,144 --> 02:32:59,713 By no means. 2953 02:32:59,746 --> 02:33:01,748 I hope I didn't lead anyone to believe otherwise 2954 02:33:01,781 --> 02:33:03,416 for an instant. 2955 02:33:03,450 --> 02:33:04,551 Thank you, General. 2956 02:33:22,602 --> 02:33:24,871 Okay. We shouldn't keep them waiting. 2957 02:33:24,904 --> 02:33:26,172 She'll be here. 2958 02:33:26,206 --> 02:33:27,640 Do you even want her here? 2959 02:33:27,674 --> 02:33:30,176 Only a fool or an adolescent 2960 02:33:30,210 --> 02:33:32,112 presumes to know someone else's relationship, 2961 02:33:32,145 --> 02:33:34,447 and you're neither, Lloyd. 2962 02:33:36,160 --> 02:33:37,984 Kitty and I, 2963 02:33:38,180 --> 02:33:40,860 we're grown-ups. 2964 02:33:40,120 --> 02:33:42,956 We've walked through fire together. 2965 02:33:42,989 --> 02:33:45,558 She'll do fine. 2966 02:33:45,592 --> 02:33:47,660 Would you describe your views on Communism 2967 02:33:47,694 --> 02:33:49,729 as pro, anti, neutral? 2968 02:33:49,763 --> 02:33:51,631 Very strongly against. 2969 02:33:51,664 --> 02:33:53,800 I-I've had nothing to do with Communism in... since... 2970 02:33:53,833 --> 02:33:56,669 since 1936, since... 2971 02:33:56,703 --> 02:33:59,572 since before I met Robert. 2972 02:34:00,173 --> 02:34:02,800 That's all. 2973 02:34:02,420 --> 02:34:03,610 The record demonstrates 2974 02:34:03,643 --> 02:34:05,245 that Oppenheimer was not interrogated 2975 02:34:05,278 --> 02:34:08,515 by impartial and disinterested counsel for the Gray board. 2976 02:34:08,548 --> 02:34:09,949 He was interrogated by a prosecutor 2977 02:34:09,983 --> 02:34:11,651 who used all the tricks 2978 02:34:11,685 --> 02:34:13,486 of a rather ingenious legal background. 2979 02:34:13,520 --> 02:34:14,954 You are charging now 2980 02:34:14,988 --> 02:34:17,957 that the Gray board permitted a prosecution. 2981 02:34:17,991 --> 02:34:20,694 If I were on the Gray board, 2982 02:34:20,727 --> 02:34:22,729 I would have protested against the tactics 2983 02:34:22,762 --> 02:34:25,665 of the man who served, in fact, as the prosecuting counsel. 2984 02:34:25,665 --> 02:34:28,868 A man appointed not by the board 2985 02:34:28,935 --> 02:34:31,400 but by Lewis Strauss. 2986 02:34:33,600 --> 02:34:34,400 Who was this? 2987 02:34:35,308 --> 02:34:37,143 I'm sorry? 2988 02:34:37,210 --> 02:34:38,244 Who was this? 2989 02:34:38,311 --> 02:34:39,746 Uh, Roger Robb. 2990 02:34:39,779 --> 02:34:42,115 Mrs. Oppenheimer. 2991 02:34:46,319 --> 02:34:48,755 Did you have a Communist Party membership card? 2992 02:34:50,156 --> 02:34:52,258 I'm... I'm not sure. 2993 02:34:52,325 --> 02:34:53,793 Not sure? 2994 02:34:56,796 --> 02:34:57,797 Well... 2995 02:35:00,166 --> 02:35:01,901 Well? 2996 02:35:10,877 --> 02:35:13,813 I mean, presumably, the act of joining the Party 2997 02:35:13,880 --> 02:35:17,617 required sending some money and receiving a card, no? 2998 02:35:20,787 --> 02:35:21,921 Yeah. 2999 02:35:27,293 --> 02:35:28,728 Sorry. 3000 02:35:29,362 --> 02:35:30,930 Yes. Mm. 3001 02:35:32,799 --> 02:35:34,801 It's just it was all so very long ago, 3002 02:35:34,801 --> 02:35:36,636 -Mr. Robb, wasn't it? -Not really. 3003 02:35:36,669 --> 02:35:37,904 Long enough to have forgotten. 3004 02:35:37,937 --> 02:35:39,305 Did you return the card or rip it up? 3005 02:35:39,372 --> 02:35:40,940 The card whose existence I've forgotten? 3006 02:35:41,700 --> 02:35:42,809 Your Communist Party membership card. 3007 02:35:42,809 --> 02:35:44,544 Haven't the slightest idea. 3008 02:35:46,846 --> 02:35:49,649 Can a distinction be made between 3009 02:35:49,649 --> 02:35:51,317 Soviet Communism and Communism? 3010 02:35:51,384 --> 02:35:52,919 Well, in the days when I was a member, 3011 02:35:52,952 --> 02:35:54,587 I thought they were definitely two things. 3012 02:35:54,654 --> 02:35:55,922 -Oh? -I thought that 3013 02:35:55,922 --> 02:35:57,824 the Communist Party of the United States 3014 02:35:57,824 --> 02:36:00,226 was concerned with our domestic problems. 3015 02:36:00,293 --> 02:36:01,761 I now no longer believe this. 3016 02:36:01,761 --> 02:36:02,829 Believe the whole thing's linked together 3017 02:36:02,829 --> 02:36:04,130 and spread all over the world, 3018 02:36:04,130 --> 02:36:06,332 and I have believed this since I left the Party 3019 02:36:06,399 --> 02:36:07,834 16 years ago. 3020 02:36:07,867 --> 02:36:09,202 -But... -Seventeen years ago. 3021 02:36:09,202 --> 02:36:10,603 My mistake. 3022 02:36:10,670 --> 02:36:13,306 -But you said... -Sorry, 18. 3023 02:36:13,306 --> 02:36:15,575 Eighteen years ago. 3024 02:36:16,409 --> 02:36:17,677 Are you familiar with the fact 3025 02:36:17,711 --> 02:36:18,878 your husband was making contributions 3026 02:36:18,945 --> 02:36:21,981 to the Spanish Civil War as late as 1942? 3027 02:36:22,480 --> 02:36:23,883 I knew that Robert gave money from time to time. 3028 02:36:23,950 --> 02:36:25,151 Did you know this money was going 3029 02:36:25,218 --> 02:36:26,619 into Communist Party channels? 3030 02:36:26,686 --> 02:36:28,121 Don't you mean "through"? 3031 02:36:28,121 --> 02:36:29,889 -Pardon? -I think you mean 3032 02:36:29,956 --> 02:36:31,725 "through Communist Party channels," don't you? 3033 02:36:31,791 --> 02:36:32,992 -Y-Yes! -Yes? 3034 02:36:33,590 --> 02:36:34,961 -Yes! -Yes. 3035 02:36:34,961 --> 02:36:38,698 Then would it be fair to say that this meant that by 1942, 3036 02:36:38,698 --> 02:36:39,999 your husband had not stopped 3037 02:36:40,660 --> 02:36:41,968 having anything to do with the Communist Party? 3038 02:36:42,100 --> 02:36:43,837 You don't have to answer that yes or no. 3039 02:36:43,870 --> 02:36:45,238 You can answer that any way you wish. 3040 02:36:45,271 --> 02:36:47,140 I know that, thank you. 3041 02:36:47,173 --> 02:36:48,875 It's your question. 3042 02:36:48,908 --> 02:36:50,810 -It's not properly phrased. -Do you understand 3043 02:36:50,844 --> 02:36:52,780 -what I'm getting at? -I do. 3044 02:36:52,112 --> 02:36:53,380 Then why don't you answer it that way? 3045 02:36:53,413 --> 02:36:55,150 'Cause I don't like your phrase. 3046 02:36:55,480 --> 02:36:56,983 "Having anything to do with the Communist Party." 3047 02:36:57,170 --> 02:36:58,818 Because Robert never had anything to do 3048 02:36:58,852 --> 02:37:00,153 with the Communist Party as such. 3049 02:37:00,186 --> 02:37:02,822 I know he gave money to Spanish refugees. 3050 02:37:02,856 --> 02:37:04,791 I know he took an intellectual interest 3051 02:37:04,824 --> 02:37:06,260 in Communist ideas... 3052 02:37:06,590 --> 02:37:07,160 Are there two types of Communists? 3053 02:37:07,193 --> 02:37:08,895 Intellectual Communists 3054 02:37:08,928 --> 02:37:10,864 and your plain old regular Commie? 3055 02:37:11,865 --> 02:37:13,433 Well, I couldn't answer that one. 3056 02:37:13,466 --> 02:37:16,236 I couldn't either. 3057 02:37:22,375 --> 02:37:24,177 Evening. 3058 02:37:24,210 --> 02:37:25,945 Robert, you can't win this thing. 3059 02:37:25,979 --> 02:37:27,914 It's a kangaroo court with a predetermined outcome. 3060 02:37:27,947 --> 02:37:29,883 Why put yourself through more of it? 3061 02:37:30,483 --> 02:37:32,919 I have my reasons. 3062 02:37:33,520 --> 02:37:34,954 All right. 3063 02:37:34,988 --> 02:37:36,122 Good night. 3064 02:37:40,827 --> 02:37:42,228 He has a point. 3065 02:37:43,163 --> 02:37:45,198 I'm not sure you understand, Albert. 3066 02:37:45,231 --> 02:37:46,332 No? 3067 02:37:46,366 --> 02:37:49,869 I left my country never to return. 3068 02:37:50,503 --> 02:37:52,472 You served your country well. 3069 02:37:52,505 --> 02:37:56,142 If this is the reward she offers you, then... 3070 02:37:56,176 --> 02:37:59,813 perhaps you should turn your back on her. 3071 02:37:59,846 --> 02:38:02,482 Damn it, I happen to love this country. 3072 02:38:02,515 --> 02:38:05,118 Then tell them to go to hell. 3073 02:38:05,151 --> 02:38:06,520 Interestingly enough, 3074 02:38:06,860 --> 02:38:09,155 this is no longer a confirmation hearing, 3075 02:38:09,189 --> 02:38:11,358 it's now a trial... 3076 02:38:11,391 --> 02:38:13,126 about a trial! 3077 02:38:14,127 --> 02:38:15,428 It's not good he's telling everyone 3078 02:38:15,462 --> 02:38:16,763 you initiated the hearings. 3079 02:38:16,796 --> 02:38:19,165 He can't prove a goddamn thing. 3080 02:38:19,199 --> 02:38:21,868 He certainly can't prove that I gave the file to Borden. 3081 02:38:21,901 --> 02:38:24,237 We're not in court, sir. 3082 02:38:24,270 --> 02:38:25,472 There's no burden of proof. 3083 02:38:25,505 --> 02:38:27,874 Right. They're not convicting... 3084 02:38:27,907 --> 02:38:29,175 just denying. 3085 02:38:29,209 --> 02:38:32,112 Why would Hill come here to tear me down? 3086 02:38:32,145 --> 02:38:33,780 What's his angle? 3087 02:38:33,813 --> 02:38:35,915 Do people need a reason to do the right thing? 3088 02:38:35,949 --> 02:38:37,550 -As he sees it. -I told you, 3089 02:38:37,584 --> 02:38:40,253 Oppenheimer poisoned the scientists against me, 3090 02:38:40,286 --> 02:38:41,988 right from that first meeting. 3091 02:38:42,220 --> 02:38:45,258 I don't know what Oppenheimer said to him that day, 3092 02:38:45,291 --> 02:38:48,280 but Einstein wouldn't even meet my eye. 3093 02:38:49,129 --> 02:38:52,232 Oppenheimer knows how to manipulate his own. 3094 02:38:52,265 --> 02:38:53,533 And at Los Alamos, 3095 02:38:53,566 --> 02:38:55,902 he preyed on the naivete of scientists 3096 02:38:55,935 --> 02:38:58,238 who thought they'd get a say in how we used their work, 3097 02:38:58,271 --> 02:39:01,274 but don't ever think he was that naive himself. 3098 02:39:01,307 --> 02:39:02,575 Doctor. 3099 02:39:02,609 --> 02:39:04,577 During your work on the hydrogen bomb, 3100 02:39:04,611 --> 02:39:08,281 were you deterred by any moral qualms? 3101 02:39:08,314 --> 02:39:09,949 Yes, of course. 3102 02:39:09,983 --> 02:39:11,284 But you still got on with your work, didn't you? 3103 02:39:11,317 --> 02:39:13,553 Yes, because this was work of exploration, 3104 02:39:13,586 --> 02:39:15,822 it was not the preparation of a weapon. 3105 02:39:15,855 --> 02:39:17,924 You mean it was more of a... an academic excursion. 3106 02:39:17,957 --> 02:39:19,859 No, it is not an academic thing 3107 02:39:19,893 --> 02:39:21,294 whether you can build a hydrogen bomb. 3108 02:39:21,327 --> 02:39:22,929 It's a matter of life and death. 3109 02:39:22,962 --> 02:39:24,330 By 1942, you were actively pushing 3110 02:39:24,364 --> 02:39:25,932 the development of the hydrogen bomb, weren't you? 3111 02:39:25,965 --> 02:39:27,200 Pushing's not the right word. 3112 02:39:27,233 --> 02:39:29,169 Supporting it and working on it, yes. 3113 02:39:29,202 --> 02:39:31,538 So when did these moral qualms become so strong 3114 02:39:31,571 --> 02:39:33,206 that you actively opposed 3115 02:39:33,239 --> 02:39:34,908 the development of the hydrogen bomb? 3116 02:39:34,941 --> 02:39:36,910 When it was suggested that it be the policy 3117 02:39:36,943 --> 02:39:39,112 of the United States to make these things at all cost 3118 02:39:39,145 --> 02:39:41,147 without regard to the balance between these weapons 3119 02:39:41,181 --> 02:39:44,250 and atomic weapons as part of our arsenal. 3120 02:39:45,618 --> 02:39:47,554 What do moral qualms have to do with that? 3121 02:39:47,587 --> 02:39:49,622 Wha... What do moral qualms 3122 02:39:49,656 --> 02:39:51,191 -have to do with it? -Yes. 3123 02:39:51,224 --> 02:39:53,293 Oppenheimer wanted to own the atomic bomb. 3124 02:39:53,326 --> 02:39:55,228 He wanted to be the man who moved the Earth. 3125 02:39:55,261 --> 02:39:58,431 He talks about putting the nuclear genie 3126 02:39:58,465 --> 02:39:59,933 back in the bottle. 3127 02:39:59,966 --> 02:40:01,101 Well, I'm here to tell you 3128 02:40:01,134 --> 02:40:03,336 that I know J. Robert Oppenheimer, 3129 02:40:03,370 --> 02:40:07,474 and if he could do it all over, he'd do it all the same. 3130 02:40:07,507 --> 02:40:10,543 You know he's never once said that he regrets Hiroshima? 3131 02:40:10,577 --> 02:40:13,446 He'd do it all over. Why? 3132 02:40:13,480 --> 02:40:14,914 Because it made him 3133 02:40:14,948 --> 02:40:16,583 the most important man who ever lived. 3134 02:40:16,616 --> 02:40:18,952 Well, we've... 3135 02:40:18,985 --> 02:40:21,870 we've freely used the atomic bomb... 3136 02:40:21,121 --> 02:40:23,223 In fact, Doctor, you assisted in selecting 3137 02:40:23,256 --> 02:40:24,657 the target to drop the atomic bomb on Japan, 3138 02:40:24,691 --> 02:40:26,359 -didn't you? -Yes. 3139 02:40:26,393 --> 02:40:28,280 Well, then you knew, did you not, that by dropping 3140 02:40:28,610 --> 02:40:30,230 that atomic bomb on the target you selected, 3141 02:40:30,263 --> 02:40:31,664 that thousands of civilians would be killed 3142 02:40:31,698 --> 02:40:33,433 or injured, is that correct? 3143 02:40:33,466 --> 02:40:35,368 Yes, not as many as turned out... 3144 02:40:35,402 --> 02:40:37,604 Oh. Well, how many were killed or injured? 3145 02:40:37,637 --> 02:40:39,506 -70,000. -70,000 3146 02:40:39,539 --> 02:40:40,607 at both Hiroshima and... 3147 02:40:40,640 --> 02:40:42,750 110,000 at both. 3148 02:40:42,108 --> 02:40:43,510 On the day of each bombing? 3149 02:40:45,478 --> 02:40:46,646 Yes. 3150 02:40:46,680 --> 02:40:48,248 And in the weeks and years that followed? 3151 02:40:48,281 --> 02:40:50,984 It has been put at somewhere between 50 and 100,000. 3152 02:40:51,170 --> 02:40:53,119 -220,000 dead at least? -Yes. 3153 02:40:53,153 --> 02:40:55,550 Any moral scruples about that? 3154 02:40:56,423 --> 02:40:57,524 Terrible ones. 3155 02:40:57,557 --> 02:40:59,125 But yet you testified in here 3156 02:40:59,159 --> 02:41:01,528 that the bombing of Hiroshima was very successful. 3157 02:41:01,561 --> 02:41:03,129 -Technically successful. -Oh! 3158 02:41:03,163 --> 02:41:04,931 Technically, it was very successful. 3159 02:41:04,964 --> 02:41:06,433 And it is also alleged to have helped end the war. 3160 02:41:06,466 --> 02:41:08,435 Would you have been in support of the dropping 3161 02:41:08,468 --> 02:41:10,403 of a hydrogen bomb on Hiroshima? 3162 02:41:10,437 --> 02:41:11,971 That would make no sense at all. 3163 02:41:12,500 --> 02:41:14,441 -Why? -The-the target is too small. 3164 02:41:14,474 --> 02:41:16,976 Well, supposing there had been a target in Japan 3165 02:41:17,100 --> 02:41:18,478 big enough for a thermonuclear weapon, 3166 02:41:18,511 --> 02:41:20,280 would you have been opposed to the dropping of it? 3167 02:41:20,313 --> 02:41:22,148 This was not a problem with which I was confronted... 3168 02:41:22,182 --> 02:41:23,616 Well, I'm confronting you with it now, sir. 3169 02:41:23,650 --> 02:41:25,418 It was all part of his plan. 3170 02:41:25,452 --> 02:41:27,200 He wanted the glorious, 3171 02:41:27,530 --> 02:41:29,222 insincere guilt of the self-important 3172 02:41:29,255 --> 02:41:30,724 to wear like a ****in' crown. 3173 02:41:30,757 --> 02:41:34,194 Say, "No, we cannot go down this road," 3174 02:41:34,227 --> 02:41:37,300 even as he knew we'd have to. 3175 02:41:37,630 --> 02:41:38,598 Would you have been opposed to the dropping 3176 02:41:38,631 --> 02:41:40,300 of a thermonuclear weapon on Japan 3177 02:41:40,333 --> 02:41:42,569 -because of moral scruples? -Yes, I believe I would, sir. 3178 02:41:42,602 --> 02:41:44,304 Well, did you oppose the dropping 3179 02:41:44,337 --> 02:41:46,339 of an atomic bomb on Hiroshima because of moral scruples? 3180 02:41:46,373 --> 02:41:48,700 We set forth our arguments... 3181 02:41:48,410 --> 02:41:49,442 No, you, you, you. I'm asking you. 3182 02:41:49,476 --> 02:41:51,111 -I set... I set forth... -Not we. You, you, you! 3183 02:41:51,144 --> 02:41:52,746 ...our arguments against dropping it, 3184 02:41:52,779 --> 02:41:54,314 but I did not endorse them. 3185 02:41:54,347 --> 02:41:56,490 You mean after working night and day 3186 02:41:56,820 --> 02:41:57,450 for three years building the bomb, 3187 02:41:57,484 --> 02:41:59,319 you then argued against the use of it? 3188 02:41:59,352 --> 02:42:02,550 I was asked by the Secretary of War 3189 02:42:02,880 --> 02:42:03,456 what the views of scientists were. 3190 02:42:03,490 --> 02:42:06,226 I gave him the views against and the views for. 3191 02:42:06,259 --> 02:42:08,261 You supported the dropping of the atom bomb on Japan. 3192 02:42:08,294 --> 02:42:09,763 -What do you mean "support"? -Didn't you? 3193 02:42:09,796 --> 02:42:11,264 -You supported it! -What do you mean "support"? 3194 02:42:11,297 --> 02:42:12,632 Well, you helped pick the target, didn't you? 3195 02:42:12,665 --> 02:42:14,300 I did my job. 3196 02:42:14,334 --> 02:42:16,690 I was not in a policy-making position at Los Alamos. 3197 02:42:16,102 --> 02:42:17,737 I would have done anything I was asked to do. 3198 02:42:17,771 --> 02:42:20,400 Well, then you would have built the H-bomb too, 3199 02:42:20,730 --> 02:42:21,207 -wouldn't you? -I couldn't. 3200 02:42:21,241 --> 02:42:23,143 I didn't ask you that, Doctor! 3201 02:42:23,176 --> 02:42:25,512 And the GAC report which you co-authored 3202 02:42:25,545 --> 02:42:27,414 after the Soviet atomic test said 3203 02:42:27,447 --> 02:42:30,116 a Super bomb should never be built! 3204 02:42:30,150 --> 02:42:31,484 What we meant, what I meant was... 3205 02:42:31,518 --> 02:42:33,586 -What you, who? Who? -What I meant... 3206 02:42:35,355 --> 02:42:36,790 And wouldn't the Russians do anything 3207 02:42:36,823 --> 02:42:39,920 to increase their strength? 3208 02:42:39,125 --> 02:42:41,940 If we did it, they would have to do it. 3209 02:42:41,127 --> 02:42:43,163 Our efforts would only fuel their efforts, 3210 02:42:43,196 --> 02:42:45,298 just as it had with the atomic bomb. 3211 02:42:45,331 --> 02:42:48,735 "Just as it had with the atomic bomb," exactly! 3212 02:42:48,768 --> 02:42:53,506 No moral scruples in 1945, plenty in 1949. 3213 02:42:57,644 --> 02:42:59,479 Dr. Oppenheimer... 3214 02:43:01,147 --> 02:43:03,750 ...when did your strong moral convictions develop 3215 02:43:03,783 --> 02:43:06,586 with respect to the hydrogen bomb? 3216 02:43:13,626 --> 02:43:16,529 When it became clear to me 3217 02:43:16,563 --> 02:43:20,200 that we would tend to use any weapon we had. 3218 02:43:22,635 --> 02:43:25,138 J. Robert Oppenheimer, the martyr. 3219 02:43:25,171 --> 02:43:27,774 I gave him exactly what he wanted. 3220 02:43:27,807 --> 02:43:30,760 To be remembered for Trinity, 3221 02:43:30,110 --> 02:43:32,712 not Hiroshima, 3222 02:43:32,746 --> 02:43:35,181 not Nagasaki. 3223 02:43:37,717 --> 02:43:40,420 He should be thanking me. 3224 02:43:40,453 --> 02:43:43,390 Well, he's not. 3225 02:43:45,225 --> 02:43:46,826 Do we still have enough votes, 3226 02:43:46,860 --> 02:43:48,528 or is the crowning moment of my career 3227 02:43:48,561 --> 02:43:52,699 about to become the most public humiliation of my life? 3228 02:43:52,732 --> 02:43:55,301 Full Senate's about to vote. 3229 02:43:55,335 --> 02:43:56,503 You'll scrape through. 3230 02:43:56,536 --> 02:43:58,171 Great, then gather the ****ing press. 3231 02:43:58,204 --> 02:44:00,173 Dr. J. Robert Oppenheimer. 3232 02:44:00,206 --> 02:44:03,176 This board, having heard testimony from you 3233 02:44:03,209 --> 02:44:06,346 and many of your current and former colleagues, 3234 02:44:06,379 --> 02:44:08,381 has come to the unanimous conclusion 3235 02:44:08,415 --> 02:44:11,518 that you are a loyal citizen. 3236 02:44:12,819 --> 02:44:14,454 However, 3237 02:44:14,487 --> 02:44:18,124 in the light of your continuing associations 3238 02:44:18,158 --> 02:44:19,426 and disregard 3239 02:44:19,459 --> 02:44:21,594 for the security apparatus of this country, 3240 02:44:21,628 --> 02:44:25,165 together with your somewhat disturbing conduct 3241 02:44:25,198 --> 02:44:27,734 on the hydrogen bomb program 3242 02:44:27,767 --> 02:44:29,302 and the regrettable lack of candor 3243 02:44:29,335 --> 02:44:31,705 in certain of your responses to this board, 3244 02:44:31,738 --> 02:44:34,607 we have voted two to one 3245 02:44:34,641 --> 02:44:37,744 to deny the renewal of your security clearance. 3246 02:44:37,777 --> 02:44:40,880 A full written opinion, with a dissent from Mr. Evans, 3247 02:44:40,914 --> 02:44:44,417 will be issued to the AEC in the coming days. 3248 02:44:44,451 --> 02:44:46,119 That is all. 3249 02:44:49,889 --> 02:44:51,224 -Gordon... -Roger. 3250 02:44:56,262 --> 02:44:58,164 Robert. 3251 02:44:58,798 --> 02:45:00,333 Robert. 3252 02:45:02,802 --> 02:45:04,304 Don't... 3253 02:45:06,673 --> 02:45:09,876 Don't take in the sheets. 3254 02:45:11,277 --> 02:45:12,679 Get a picture with him. 3255 02:45:12,712 --> 02:45:13,947 Sir, sir. 3256 02:45:13,980 --> 02:45:16,449 Two minutes. Two minutes. 3257 02:45:16,483 --> 02:45:17,684 -You'll get your shot. -Please, sir. 3258 02:45:17,717 --> 02:45:19,285 We've been waiting for so long. 3259 02:45:19,319 --> 02:45:20,320 -Evening, sir. -Come out. 3260 02:45:20,353 --> 02:45:21,388 Sir, sir! 3261 02:45:21,421 --> 02:45:22,756 Is it official? 3262 02:45:24,858 --> 02:45:26,259 Well, there were, 3263 02:45:26,292 --> 02:45:29,429 uh, a couple of unexpected holdouts. 3264 02:45:33,867 --> 02:45:36,536 I'm denied. Yeah? 3265 02:45:36,569 --> 02:45:38,538 -I'm afraid so, sir. -All right. 3266 02:45:46,246 --> 02:45:47,313 Who were the holdouts? 3267 02:45:47,347 --> 02:45:50,283 Um, there were three, 3268 02:45:50,316 --> 02:45:53,253 led by the junior senator from Massachusetts. 3269 02:45:53,286 --> 02:45:54,688 Young guy trying to make a name for himself, 3270 02:45:54,721 --> 02:45:57,290 didn't like what you did to Oppenheimer. 3271 02:45:57,323 --> 02:45:58,458 What's his name? 3272 02:45:58,491 --> 02:46:00,694 Uh, Kennedy. 3273 02:46:00,727 --> 02:46:02,529 John F. Kennedy. 3274 02:46:05,999 --> 02:46:07,400 Kitty? 3275 02:46:13,473 --> 02:46:16,876 Did you think that if you let them tar and feather you, 3276 02:46:16,910 --> 02:46:19,479 that the world would forgive you? 3277 02:46:23,160 --> 02:46:24,451 It won't. 3278 02:46:26,820 --> 02:46:28,221 We'll see. 3279 02:46:37,997 --> 02:46:39,999 Goddamn it. 3280 02:46:41,534 --> 02:46:44,471 You told me I'd be okay. 3281 02:46:44,504 --> 02:46:46,873 Yeah, well, I didn't have all the facts, did I? 3282 02:46:46,906 --> 02:46:48,475 Here's a fact. 3283 02:46:48,508 --> 02:46:50,343 President Eisenhower pinned the Medal of Freedom 3284 02:46:50,377 --> 02:46:51,811 on my chest last year 3285 02:46:51,845 --> 02:46:54,347 'cause I've always done what's right for this country. 3286 02:46:54,381 --> 02:46:56,883 They don't want me in the Cabinet room? 3287 02:46:56,916 --> 02:46:59,352 Well, that's... that's fine. 3288 02:46:59,386 --> 02:47:01,721 Maybe they should just invite Oppenheimer instead. 3289 02:47:01,755 --> 02:47:02,789 Maybe they will. 3290 02:47:03,790 --> 02:47:05,250 I told you, 3291 02:47:05,580 --> 02:47:07,694 he turned the scientists against me one by one, 3292 02:47:07,727 --> 02:47:09,896 starting with Einstein. I told you about, uh, Einstein. 3293 02:47:09,929 --> 02:47:11,364 I saw him by the pond. 3294 02:47:11,398 --> 02:47:12,899 You did, but you know, sir, 3295 02:47:12,932 --> 02:47:14,934 since nobody really knows 3296 02:47:14,968 --> 02:47:16,603 what they said to each other that day, 3297 02:47:16,636 --> 02:47:20,673 is it possible they didn't talk about you at all? 3298 02:47:20,707 --> 02:47:23,843 Is it possible they spoke about something, uh, 3299 02:47:23,877 --> 02:47:25,311 more important? 3300 02:47:25,345 --> 02:47:26,780 Mr. Strauss! 3301 02:47:30,116 --> 02:47:32,519 Over here! Mr. Strauss! 3302 02:47:35,655 --> 02:47:38,925 Oh. 3303 02:47:40,930 --> 02:47:41,394 Thank you. 3304 02:47:41,428 --> 02:47:43,930 Albert. 3305 02:47:43,963 --> 02:47:45,932 Ah. 3306 02:47:45,965 --> 02:47:48,468 The man of the moment. 3307 02:47:51,571 --> 02:47:54,941 You once held a-a reception for me. 3308 02:47:54,974 --> 02:47:56,776 In Berkeley. You gave me an award. 3309 02:47:56,810 --> 02:47:58,678 -Hmm? -Yes. 3310 02:47:59,579 --> 02:48:01,981 You all thought that I had lost the ability 3311 02:48:02,150 --> 02:48:04,951 to understand what I'd started. 3312 02:48:04,984 --> 02:48:08,421 So the award really wasn't for me, 3313 02:48:08,455 --> 02:48:10,857 it was for all of you, hmm? 3314 02:48:12,726 --> 02:48:14,728 Now it's your turn 3315 02:48:14,761 --> 02:48:19,466 to deal with the consequences of your achievement. 3316 02:48:20,400 --> 02:48:21,701 And one day, 3317 02:48:21,735 --> 02:48:24,371 when they've punished you enough... 3318 02:48:25,772 --> 02:48:29,676 ...they'll serve you salmon and potato salad. 3319 02:48:33,413 --> 02:48:35,448 Make speeches... 3320 02:48:36,483 --> 02:48:37,984 ...give you a medal. 3321 02:48:39,686 --> 02:48:41,855 Hello, Frank. 3322 02:48:41,888 --> 02:48:43,123 You're happy, I'm happy. 3323 02:48:50,960 --> 02:48:53,433 Pat you on the back, tell you all is forgiven. 3324 02:48:54,968 --> 02:48:57,370 Just remember... 3325 02:48:58,400 --> 02:48:59,873 ...it won't be for you. 3326 02:49:04,144 --> 02:49:05,779 It'll be for them. 3327 02:49:19,926 --> 02:49:21,461 Albert. 3328 02:49:22,696 --> 02:49:26,166 When I came to you with those calculations, 3329 02:49:26,199 --> 02:49:28,435 we thought we might start a chain reaction 3330 02:49:28,468 --> 02:49:31,938 that would destroy the entire world. 3331 02:49:31,971 --> 02:49:35,442 Mm, I remember it well. 3332 02:49:35,475 --> 02:49:37,544 What of it? 3333 02:49:40,180 --> 02:49:41,915 I believe we did.